The periodic table + structure of an atom

the periodic table

an arrangement of elements in order of increasing atomic number

groups(8)

Vertical columns on the periodic table

What does periodic mean

at regular intervals

This type of table was drawn up in what year by what chemist?

A Russian chemist called Dmitri Mendeleev in 1869

Rules of the periodic table

all elements in the same group have similar chemical properties because outer shell electron number
the group number are the number of electrons in the outer orbit of the elements in that group

inert

unreactive

periods(7)

Horizontal rows on the periodic table
n=

an atom

the smallest particle of an element that still has the properties of that element

element

A substance that cannot be broken down into a simpler substance by chemical means

Bohr model instructions

atomic number-no. of proton
mass number=sum of protons and neutrons
mass-atomic=no. of neutrons
no. of electrons=no. of protons
protons are always the smaller number
neutrons are always the bigger number

sub-atomic particle

What is found inside an atom

What charge does protons have

positive charge

What charge does neutrons have

a neutral charge

what charge does electrons have

A negative charge

What consists of an atom

nucleus and shells/orbits/electron clouds

A compound

A substance made of two or more elements chemically combined together

A mixture

Two or more substances that are not chemically combined together

A molecule

A group of atoms joined together
smallest of an element or compound that can exist independently

octet rule

states atoms prefer having eight electrons in their valence except for hydrogen

Types of bonds

ionic- between non-metals and metals
covalent-between non-metals metallic-between metals

An ion

a charged atom or group of atoms

an ionic bond

The force of attraction between oppositely charged ions in a compound

A covalent bond

the force of attraction between atoms in a molecule when pairs of electrons are shared

The names of the groups in the periodic table

Group 1 - Alkali Metals
Group 2 - Alkaline Earth Metals
Group 3-Transition metals
Group 4-Basic metals
Group 5-Metalloid
Group 6-Non-metal
Group 7- Halogens
Group 8 - Noble Gases

chemical bond

the force of attraction that holds atoms or ions together

What scientist put forward a theory about atoms

John Dalton English scientist

What miscroscope can allow you to see atoms

electron microscope

who proposed that electrons move around the nucleus in fixed paths called orbits +bohr model

Niels Bohr Danish in 1913

What charge do all atoms have

neutral

atomic number

the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom

mass number

the total number of protons and neutrons in a nucleus

nuclear formula

showimg the atomic number and the mass number of an atom

Mass of Sub-Atomic particles

P 1
N 1
E 1/1840

where are protons and neutrons found in the atom

inside the nucleus