Art history 1

Chiaroscuro

strong contrast between light and dark

• drama

• caravaggio

• rembrandt

Sfumato

soft, smoky transitions between colors and no sharp outlines

• leonardo

linear perspective

technique to create illusion of 3d depth on 2d sutface

• horizon line

• vanishing point

• msaccio

• raphael

• leonardo

atmospheric perspective

distant objects appear lighter, less detailed, bluer

• leonardo

• landscapes

• tribute money painting

classicism

interest in artistic ideals of ancient greece and rome

• proportion

• bodies

• order

• raphael

• michelangelo

• poussin

egg tempera

pigment mixed with egg yolk

• dries quickly

• precise

• early renaissance

oil paint

pigment suspended in oil

• slow drying

• blending

• transparency

• rich colors

• tiny details

• northern renaissance

• van eyck

fresco

pigment on wet plaster

• integrates into walls

• poke holes to make outline

• giotto

• masaccio

• michelangelo

• raphael

giornata

day’s work

• plaster prepared for a section of fresco to be worked on for the day

maesta

majesty

• used for Mary with Christ surrounded by angels/saints

• cimabue

• giotto

altarpiece

piece on an altar

• painting

• sculpture

• multiple panels

• ghent

• isenheim

• merode

Workshop and guild

workshop

• studio where apprentices can help produce artwork

guild

• professional organization regulating a trade

italo-byzantine style

italian art influenced by the byzantine

• gold backgrounds

• frontal figures

• hierarchy

• stylized

• spiritual rather than naturalistic

• cimabue

international gothic style

• elegant figures

• elaborate clothing

• graceful

• decorative

• courtly atmosphere

• limbourg brothers

Mannerism

• elongated bodies

• artifical poses

• complex compositions

• parmigianinos madonna with the long neck

protestant reformation

break from the catholic church

• changes patronage

• iconoclasm

• shift in art focus

counter reformation

catholic response

• storytelling

• emphasis on emotional religious experience and communication

• caravaggio

• bernini

• artemisia

council of trent

1545- 1563

• addressed concerns of art and concluded that it was good and effective for devotion and instruction

memento mori

‘remember that you will die’

• skulls

• tombs

• decay

• holbein’s ambassadors

• poussins et in arcadia ego

• Christ in tomb

book of hours

private devotional containing prayers

• tres riches heures

poesia

• venetian renaissance painting

• painting works like poetry, evokes mood beauty imagination sensuality without being straightforward

• Pastoral concert

Genre painting

everyday life

• domestic

• markets

• peasants

• taverns

• labor

• dutch

• judith leyster

• bruegel

allegory

represents abstract ideas

• lorenzetti’s effects of good government

baroque

• drama

• movement

• emotion

• theatricality

• strong light/dark

• viewer involvement

• bernini

• caravaggio

• rubens

• rembrandt

tenebrism

extreme darkness surrounding strongly illuminated

• caravaggio

enlightenment

movement emphasizing reason, science, observation, individuality, authority

• contributes to attitudes toward education, institutions, politics, human reason

pastel

powdered pigment on a stick

• soft colors

• powdery

• delicate

• 18th century portraiture

hierarchy of genres

• history

• portraiture

• genre

• landscape

• still life

history painting

historical, religious, mythological, literary event

• raphael

• poussin

• michelangelo

• religious

grand tour

european journey undertaken by wealthy young europeans in 17-18th centuries

• visited rome, florence, venice, other cultural centers

• spread classical interest, renaissance, collecting, archaelogy

salon

official art exhibition associated with french academy

• helped to determine which artists and artworks received public exposure and recognition

fete galante

aristocrats in outdoor leisure, romance, or entertainment

• wattaeu

rococo

• light colors

• elegance

• decoration

• romance

• sensuality

• aristocratic leisure

• watteau

• boucher

• fragonard

grand manner

highly stylized portraiture associated with elite status

• grand poses

• idealized appearance

• luxurious clothing

• monumental scale

• impressive settings

• louis xiv

academy

formal art education institution

• drawing

• anatomy

• perspective

• classical art

• art theory

• helped determine art standards

reception piece

artwork submitted to an academy as part of the process of recognition

• art increasingly connected to professional institutions and artistic careers