Required practical 9 - Carry out tests for alcohols, aldehydes, alkenes and carboxylic acids
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What are the two tests to indentify aldehydes?
Tollens and Fehlings solution.
Describe tollens solution and the expected result
Tollens solution is formed by mixing aqueous ammonia and silver nitrate. Silver ions are reduced. With aldehydes, a silver mirror is formed. Ketones result in no change.
Describe Fehlings solution and the expected result
Fehlings solution contains copper 2+ ions. With aldehydes, the copper is reduced and a blue precipitate turns red in the presence of an aldehyde.
What is the functional group test for carboxylic acids?
Add 5cc of unknown solution and add a small amount of sodium carbonate solid. Carboxylic acids will fizz due to CO2 present.
What is the test for halogenoalkanes?
Test: add NaOH(aq) and warm, acidify with HNO3, add AgNO3(aq)
Result: precipitate of AgX
What is the test for alkenes?
Add bromine water. Colour change occurs from orange to colourless. (decolarises)
Note 
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