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a celestial object, like a star, that never sets below the horizon from a given location on Earth
circumpolar
the slow change in the direction of Earth's rotational axis
precession
constellations that lie along the ecliptic
zodiacal constellations
the imaginary plane that Earth orbits around the Sun, essentially marking the apparent path of the Sun across the sky throughout the year
Ecliptic
a planet whose orbit lies outside the asteroid belt, i.e. Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, or Neptune.
outer planets
the four planets closest to the Sun: Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars.
inner planets
Earth's long-term climate changes, particularly ice ages, are primarily caused by variations in the Earth's orbit around the Sun, including its tilt, wobble, and the shape of its orbit, which affect how much sunlight reaches different parts of the planet over long periods of time
Milankovitch Hypothesis
Earth is at the Center of the Universe
Geocentric Universe
Motions of all celestial bodies described by motions involving objects of “perfect” shape, i.e., spheres or circles
Perfect Heavens
a small circle or circular orbit that itself moves along a much larger circular orbit
epicycle
