ap lang week 1 vocab and literary devices

ambivalent

indecisive, having mixed emotions

apathetic

uncaring, uninvolved

censorious

severely critical, condemnatory

choleric

characterized by anger

clinical

detached, coolly dispassionate

complacent

self-satisfied, smug

cynical

distrustful of human nature and motives, misanthropic

dogmatic

authoritative, assertive, arrogant

effusive

excessively demonstrative, gushing

elegiac

expressing sorrow

facetious

playfully humorous

flippant

lacking proper respect of seriousness

incredulous

not believing

indignant

showing anger at perceived injustice

lugubrious

dismal, mournful

obsequious

attempting to win over by flattery

pedantic

narrowly or unimaginatively academic, overly academic

puerile

childish, juvenile

pungent

caustic, stinging, biting

sanguine

confidently optimistic and cheerful

supercilious

haughtily contemptuous (showing or expressing deep hatred, disapproval, or a strong lack of respect while looking down on someone)

terse

sparing in the use of words, abrupt

juxtaposition

placing two or more things or ideas side by side to compare them or show differences

parallel structure

using the same grammatical pattern for two or more ideas, words, phrases, or clauses in a sentence

antithesis

the complete or exact opposite of something

anaphora

the repetition of a word or phrase at the beginning of successive sentences, clauses, or poetic lines

epistrophe

a literary and rhetorical device where the same word or group of words is repeated at the end of successive clauses, phrases, sentences, or poetic lines

active voice vs passive voice

Active voice means the subject of the sentence performs the action. Passive voice means the subject receives the action

hyperbole

an intentional, extreme exaggeration used to make a point, add humor, or express strong emotion

allusion

a brief, indirect reference to a person, place, thing, event, or another work of art, literature, or pop culture

paradox

a statement, situation, or idea that seems self-contradictory, absurd, or impossible on the surface, but upon closer inspection reveals a hidden truth or a valid logic

Shift

a noticeable change or turning point in a piece of writing that alters the mood, tone, perspective, style, or focus of the text