skeletal system- Osteon model a+ vocab

central (haversian) canal

canal lined with endosteum to supply blood vessels, lymphatics, and nerve to bone

volkmann’s canal

small horizontal channels in compact bone that transmit blood vessels and nerves from the outer membrane (periosteum) into the bone and connect adjacent central canals

lamellae

concentric layers of bone within osteon

lacunae

small cavity (often houses cartilage or bone cells)

canaliculi

“little canals” that connect lacunae and osteocytes to each other

osteocytes

mature bone cells trapped in cell lacunae

periosteum

a thick, fibrous CT layer surrounding entire external surface of bone with the exception of articular surface

appositional growth

growth of bone/cartilage due to addition of boney matrix to outer surface (just under periosteum)

chondroblasts

immature cartilage cell responsible for matrix production

chondrocyte

mature cartilage cell usually trapped in lacunae

hypertrophy

enlargement of cells

interstitial growth

cartilage growth due to mitosis of chondrocytes (may occur along epiphyseal plate of long bone to increase bone length)

mesenchymal cell

embryonic CT cell gives rise to other CT

ossification

process of bone formation

osteoblast

immature matrix producing bone cell

osteoclast

cells that act to reabsorb or breakdown bone tissue

osteon

the functional and structural unit of compact bone. consist of tiny structural pillars made of concentric rings/ tube of bone

spicules of bone

tiny needle-like bits of bone (connect to form trabeculae)

endosteum

cellular membrane lining spicules, trabeculae, canals, and medullary cavity of bone

endochondral ossification

bone development that starts with development of a hyaline cartilage model. will grow through the process of intersitial and appositional growth

intramembranous ossification

bone development results when mesenchyme directly differentiates into osteoblasts. grow through the process of appositional growth.