romanticism

What cultural movement emphasized emotion, imagination, and individuality during the Romantic Period?

Romanticism

What was a significant inspiration for Romantic art?

Nature

What characteristic of Romantic music emphasizes self-expression and individuality?

individuality of style

What does nationalism in Romantic music refer to?

Inclusion of folksongs, dances, legends, and other national material to associate music with the composer's homeland

What is exoticism in the context of Romantic music?

Drawing on colorful materials from foreign lands to compose music

What is program music?

Instrumental music associated with a story, poem, idea, or scene

What are explanatory comments that specify the story or idea associated with program music called?

Program

How did Romantic poets and musicians influence each other?

Poets wanted their poetry to be musical, and musicians wanted their music to be poetic

What does the term 'tone color' refer to in Romantic music?

The expansion of the orchestra to meet composers' needs and the growing size of concert halls and opera houses

What is chromatic harmony?

Uses chords containing tones not found in the prevailing major or minor scale

How did Beethoven influence Romantic musicians?

He inspired the image of the 'free artist'

What impact did the Napoleonic Wars have on music in the Romantic Period?

Many aristocrats could no longer afford to maintain private opera houses and orchestras

What was a significant outcome of the Industrial Revolution for music?

The formation of many orchestras and opera groups to meet the needs of the urban middle class

Which U.S. conservatories were founded in the 1860s?

Chicago, Cleveland, Boston, Ohio, and Philadelphia

Who were the musical heroes of the 1830s?

Pianist Franz Liszt and violinist Niccolò Paganini

What significant event occurred after Liszt's concert in Budapest?

Hungarian nobles presented him with a jeweled sword, and a crowd formed a torchlight parade for him

What trend increased during the Romantic era regarding music?

Private music making

What type of music was increasingly written for the piano during the Romantic era?

Operas and orchestral works arranged for piano

What backgrounds did notable composers like Berlioz, Schumann, and Mendelssohn come from?

Berlioz was the son of a doctor, Schumann of a bookseller, and Mendelssohn of a banker

What is an art song?

A composition for solo voice and piano, where poetry and music are intimately fused

Who is considered the master of the romantic art song?

Franz Schubert

What did Robert Schumann's works often reflect?

Intensely autobiographical themes

Which composer is known for writing almost exclusively for the piano?

Frederic Chopin

What is a nocturne in music?

A slow, lyrical, intimate composition for piano

Who was Hector Berlioz and what was his contribution to music?

One of the first French romantic composers, known for new orchestral sounds and literary themes

What is Peter Tchaikovsky known for?

Being the most famous Russian composer, influenced by various musical styles

How did Johannes Brahms contribute to classical forms during the Romantic period?

He breathed new life into classical forms while studying and performing music

What unique aspect characterized Richard Wagner's career?

He never mastered an instrument but became famous as an opera composer and conductor