Pharmacokinetics/ Pharmacodynamics

Absorption

Drugs going into the bloodstream

Distribution

Drugs dispersed throughout the body

Metabolism

Drugs broken down

Excretion

Drugs eliminated from the body

Bioavailability

The proportion of a drug that enters the bloodstream when introduced into the body, effectively available for action

Bioequivalent

Drugs that have similar bioavailability and pharmacokinetic properties.

Therapeutic equivalent

Drugs that have the same therapeutic effects and safety profile, often interchangeable in clinical use.

Orange book

Which color book is for approved drug products and their therapeutic equivalents

Pharmacodynamics

The study of how drugs affect the body, including mechanisms of action, therapeutic effects, and side effects

Pharmacokinetics

The study of how the body absorbs, distributes, metabolizes, and excretes drugs

Agonist

A substance that activates a receptor to produce a biological response.

Antagonist

A substance that inhibits or blocks the action of an agonist at a receptor.

Neurotransmitters

Chemical messengers that transmit signals across synapses between neurons.

Therapeutic index

A ratio that compares the toxic dose to the therapeutic dose of a drug, indicating its safety margin.

Narrow therapeutic index

refers to drugs for which the therapeutic dose and toxic dose are very close to each other, requiring careful monitoring to avoid toxicity.

Efficacy

The maximum effect of a drug regardless of dosed

Potency

The amount of drug needed to produce a specific effect. It indicates the strength of a drug in achieving its effects at lower doses.

Gastric pH

Affects how well a drug is absorbed

Liver disease

can impact the metabolism of drugs, leading to altered drug clearance and increased risk of toxicity.