Articulation of Speech

plosives

flow of air is completely stopped at some point

affricates

are plosives but the release of the contact is more gradual

fricatives

air passage is narrowed to cause friction

sonorants

air is not obstructed completely (as in a stop) or partially to produce friction- air is allowed to escape either through the nasal passage

voicing

the difference between voiced or unvoiced consonant is whether or not the vocal cords vibrate

voiced

phonemes that are produced with vibration of the vocal cords

unvoiced

produced without vibration of the vocal cords, as with sounds like 'p' and 't'.

examples of plosive

‘p’ ‘b’ ‘t’ ‘d’‘k’ and ‘g’

example of VOICED plosive

‘b’ ‘d’ ‘g’

examples of UNVOICED plosives

‘p’ ‘t’ ‘k’

examples of fricatives

‘f’ ‘v’ ‘θ’’ ð’ ‘s’ ‘z’ ‘ʃ’ ‘ʒ’ ‘h’

examples of VOICED fricatives

‘v’ ‘ð’ ‘z’ ‘ʒ’

examples of UNVOICED fricatives

‘f’ ‘θ’ ‘s’ ‘ʃ’ ‘h’

examples of affricates

‘tʃ’ ‘dʒ’

examples of VOICED affricates

‘dʒ’

examples of UNVOICED affricate

‘tʃ’

examples of nasal

sounds in speech such as 'm', 'n', and 'ŋ' produced with airflow through the nose.

velar

sounds produced with the body of the tongue against the soft palate

examples of velar

'k', 'g', and 'ŋ'.

sounds made on palatal

‘j’

unvoiced/voiced pair

‘f’ ‘v’