AP U.S. History Review Flashcards

Vocabulary flashcards for AP U.S. History review based on the provided notes.

Columbian Exchange

Exchange between Old and New Worlds, including crops, animals, germs/disease, and ideas.

Treaty of Tordesillas

Treaty supported by the Pope that divided the New World between Spain and Portugal.

Spanish Conquistadors

Spanish conquerors motivated by gold, God, and glory.

Valladolid Debate

Debate concerning the treatment of Native Americans in the New World.

Mercantilism

Economic system where colonies exist to benefit the mother country.

Salutary Neglect

The act of ignoring the enforcement of regulations or laws.

The Great Awakening

Religious revival in the colonies during the 18th century.

Albany Plan

Plan to create a unified government for the 13 colonies, suggested by Benjamin Franklin at the Albany Congress in 1754.

Coercive Acts

A set of laws imposed by the British on the American colonies after the Boston Tea Party, which were considered harsh and oppressive.

Three-Fifths Compromise

Compromise where slaves would be counted as three-fifths of a person for representation and taxation purposes.

Federalists

Supporters of the Constitution who favored a strong central government.

Anti-Federalists

Opponents of the Constitution who feared a strong central government and advocated for states' rights.

Proclamation of Neutrality

Policy of remaining neutral in foreign conflicts.

The act of forcibly drafting individuals into military service, particularly used by the British against American sailors.

Impressment

Monroe Doctrine

Doctrine articulating the U.S. policy of opposing European interference in the Western Hemisphere.

Jacksonian Democracy

Political philosophy emphasizing the common man and limited government.

Marbury v. Madison

Court case that established judicial review, giving the Supreme Court the power to declare laws unconstitutional.

Market Revolution

Economic transformation in the United States during the 19th century due to new technologies and transportation systems.

Abolition

Movement to end slavery.

Manifest Destiny

Belief in the United States' divine mission to expand westward across the North American continent.

Popular Sovereignty

Concept that residents of a territory should decide whether to allow slavery.

Jim Crow

Laws passed after the Civil War to restrict the rights of African Americans.

Laissez-Faire

Economic philosophy favouring minimal government intervention in business.

Social Darwinism

Belief that the principles of evolution and survival of the fittest apply to social and economic realms.

Social Gospel

Movement applying Christian ethics to social problems.

Settlement House

Settlements established in poor urban areas to provide community services.

Jim Crow

Southern laws enforcing racial segregation and discrimination.

Imperialism

A policy of extending a country's power and influence through diplomacy or military force.

Yellow Journalism

Sensationalized and exaggerated news reporting.

Open Door Policy

The policy of protecting American interests in China by advocating for equal trading opportunities for all nations.

Reformers who sought to address social problems arising from industrialization and urbanization.

Progressives

Red Scare

Fear of the spread of communism in the United States after World War I.

RFC (Reconstruction Finance Corporation)

Government corporation during the Great Depression that provided financial aid to railroads, banks, and businesses.

New Deal

FDR's programs to combat the Great Depression.

Neutrality

U.S. policy of avoiding involvement in foreign conflicts during the early years of World War II.

GI Bill

Bill providing educational benefits and low-interest loans to returning WWII veterans.

Baby Boom

Post-World War II increase in birth rates.

Sunbelt

Movement of the U.S. population to the South and West.

Containment

U.S. policy during the Cold War aimed at preventing the spread of communism.

Marshall Plan

U.S. aid program to help rebuild Europe after World War II.

Space Race

Competition between the U.S. and Soviet Union for supremacy in space exploration.

Great Society

LBJ's domestic agenda aimed at poverty reduction and social reform.

Detente

Nixon's foreign policy aimed at easing Cold War tensions with the Soviet Union and China.

Reaganomics

The ideology and policies promoted by Ronald Reagan, characterized by tax cuts, reduced government spending, and deregulation.

Globalization

The global spread and integration of economies, cultures, and technologies.