Cardiovascular and Respiratory Systems

These flashcards encompass the key concepts and definitions related to the cardiovascular and respiratory systems covered in the lecture notes.

Cardiac Output (CO)

The volume of blood pumped by the heart per minute, calculated as Stroke Volume (SV) multiplied by Heart Rate (HR).

Blood Pressure (BP)

The force of blood against the walls of blood vessels, directly proportional to blood volume and peripheral resistance.

Peripheral Resistance

The resistance to blood flow due to friction between blood and the walls of blood vessels, affected by the constriction and dilation of arterioles.

Blood Viscosity

The thickness of blood; greater viscosity increases resistance to blood flow.

Respiratory System Functions

1) Gas exchange between atmosphere and body cells. 2) Control of blood pH. 3) Vocal communication. 4) Olfaction. 5) Innate defense against pathogens.

External Respiration

The gas exchange that occurs between the blood and the lungs.

Internal Respiration

The gas exchange that occurs between the blood and body cells.

Role of Mucus in Upper Respiratory Tract

Filters, warms, and moistens incoming air to protect the respiratory system.

Upper Respiratory Tract Structures

Includes the nose, nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, and pharynx.

Lower Respiratory Tract Structures

Includes the larynx, trachea, bronchial tree, and lungs.

Function of Larynx

Conducts air, prevents foreign objects from entering the trachea, and contains vocal cords.

Trachea

A tube that conducts air from the larynx to the bronchi, located anterior to the esophagus, lined with cilia and goblet cells.