Arousal

define arousal

a physical and mental state of alertness/excitement varying from deep sleep to intense excitement

low optimal arousal sports

archery, snooker or darts

what kind of sports involve low optimal arousal

fine, precise movement sports

high optimal arousal sports

rugby tackle, sprinting or weightlifting

deep breathing

breathing technique involving exaggerated breathes in and out

what does deep breathing do to body to calm it down

controls arousal and focuses their thought on the task in hand

when is deep breathing used

before performance to calm nerves and control arousal

mental rehearsal

performer picturing themselves performing the skill perfectly before attempting it

imagery

performer picturing themselves in a calm, relaxing environment

when are mental rehearsal and imagery used

before or during performance to relax and focus mind on the task in hand and control arousal levels

visualisation/imagery

involve imagining yourself in a relaxing place or scene

define positive self talk

mental/ cognitive techinque where the performer talks to themselves in their head

what does positive self talking do to performer

can reassure performers that they are doing well or are prepared

the result of positive self talk

can relax body/mind and control arousal levels

define direct aggresion

actual physical contact between performers aggressor deliberately inflicts harm onto their opponent

example of direct contact

a high tackle in rugby

define indirect contact

does not involve physical contact but mental harm, aggressiveness taken out on an object

example of indirect contact

in tennis, hitting a volley with power

result of indirect contact

making opponent feel less confident or worried

define intrinsic motivation

drive that comes from within the player

define extrinsic motivation

drive experience by a performer when striving to achieve a reward- reward is provided by an outside source/person

type of reward in extrinsic motivation

tangible like trophies, medals, prize money and intangible like applause from crowd and feedback from others

negatives of extrinsic motivation

performers only play for the reward, forgets why they play in the first place (for the love of the game)

positives of intrinsic moivation

more likely to lead to a continued effort and participation