progressive era

16th Amendment

Established federal income tax

17th Amendment

Direct election of U.S. Senators by popular vote

18th Amendment

Prohibited manufacture and sale of alcohol (Prohibition)

19th Amendment

Gave women the right to vote

USS Maine

American battleship that exploded in Havana harbor in 1898, leading to Spanish-American War

Dupuy de Lome Letter

Intercepted letter from Spanish calling president McKinley weak

George Dewey

Admiral who led American naval victory at Manila Bay

San Juan Hill Battle

Famous battle in Cuba where Roosevelt's Rough Riders fought

Treaty of Paris (1898)

Ended Spanish-American War; Spain ceded Philippines, Guam, Puerto Rico to U.S.

Alice Paul

Leader of militant wing of women's suffrage movement; organized protests at White House

Florence Kelley

Social reformer who fought for child labor laws and women's rights

Upton Sinclair

Wrote 'The Jungle,' exposing meat packing industry conditions

William Randolph Hearst

Newspaper publisher known for yellow journalism

Jose Marti

Cuban revolutionary leader and writer

Muckrakers

Journalists who exposed corruption and social problems

Social Gospel Movement

Religious reform movement addressing social problems through Christian ethics

NAACP

National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, founded 1909

Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire

1911 industrial disaster that led to workplace safety reforms

Sherman Antitrust Act

1890 law prohibiting monopolies and trusts

Clayton Antitrust Act

1914 law strengthening antitrust regulations

Meat Inspection Act

1906 law requiring federal inspection of meat products

American Indian Citizenship Act of 1924

Granted U.S. citizenship to all Native Americans born within the territorial limits of the United States

Monroe Doctrine

Said that any European intervention in American Territory would be seen as an act of war-sphere of influence

Roosevelt Corollary

Addition to Monroe Doctrine asserting U.S. right to intervene in Latin America

Big Stick Diplomacy

Roosevelt's foreign policy of negotiating peacefully while maintaining strong military

Dollar Diplomacy

Taft's policy of using economic power to achieve diplomatic goals

Panama Canal

Waterway built under Roosevelt's administration connecting Atlantic and Pacific

Great White Fleet

Group of 16 battleships from the Atlantic fleet that completed a journey around the globe on President Roosevelt's orders

Imperialism

Policy of extending country's power through territorial acquisition

Jingoism

Extreme patriotism, especially in foreign policy

Social Darwinism

Application of natural selection to human society and races

Suffrage

Right to vote

Sphere of influence

Area where one nation has special commercial and political privileges

Extractive economy

Exploitation of natural resources for export with minimal processing

William McKinley

President during Spanish-American War

Theodore Roosevelt

Progressive president known for Square Deal policies

Woodrow Wilson

Progressive president who implemented many reforms

Queen Liliuokalani

Last monarch of Hawaii before U.S. annexation

Platt Amendment

Established Cuba as U.S. protectorate

Teller Amendment

Promised Cuban independence after Spanish-American War

Bull Moose Party

Progressive Party formed by Theodore Roosevelt in 1912

Urban League

Organization helping African Americans adjust to urban life

Temperance Movement

Campaign against alcohol consumption

Niagara Movement

Early civil rights organization led by W.E.B. Du Bois