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11 Terms
1
Realism
A literary movement approximately from 1840 to 1900 focusing on representing everyday life and society as it is, often addressing social issues.
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2
Henrik Ibsen
A Norwegian playwright (1828-1906) known for his impactful plays that critique societal norms.
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3
Hedda Gabler
A play written by Henrik Ibsen in 1890 that centers on a strong female protagonist and explores themes of manipulation and societal expectations.
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4
A Doll’s House
A play by Ibsen (1879) that showcases the struggle of a woman asserting her independence in a male-dominated society.
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5
On the Origin of Species
A seminal work by Charles Darwin (1861) introducing the theory of evolution through natural selection.
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6
The Communist Manifesto
A pamphlet by Marx and Engels (1848) outlining the principles of communism and the class struggle between the proletariat and bourgeois.
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7
The proletariat
The exploited lower class in capitalist societies, often consisting of factory and mine workers.
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8
The bourgeois
The class of factory and mine owners who exploit the proletariat for profit.
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9
Breakthrough Inventions
Innovations such as electric light, telegraph, and telephone, that accelerated the Industrial Revolution and transformed societal structures.
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10
Conflict Between Established and Emerging Social Classes
The struggle for power and status between the traditional aristocracy and the rising middle class.
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11
Romantic Era vs. Age of Realism
The contrasting literary movements where the Romantic Era emphasized imagination, emotion, and fantasy, while Realism prioritized intellect, reason, and reality.
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