Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry (1) [PMC 104]

Qualitative Analysis

Identification of chemicals through physical or chemical examination.

Quantitative Analysis

Determination of the concentration of a substance to be analyzed.

Volumetric Analysis

A quantitative analytical method involving the measurement of volume of a solution of known concentration.

Standard Solution

A solution of exact known concentration used in titrations.

Indicator

Substance that changes its color at the end point of a reaction in titrations.

Primary Standard

Substances of known composition and high purity used for preparing standard solutions.

Secondary Standard

Substances used for standard solutions after comparison with primary standards.

Titration

Process of adding a standard solution to a sample until the reaction reaches its endpoint.

Acid-Base Reaction

Reaction that produces water through the interaction between an acid and a base.

Precipitation Reaction

Reaction that forms a precipitate when ions combine.

Complexation Reaction

Formation of a complex through the reaction between a metal ion and a ligand.

Redox Reactions

Reactions involving transfer of electrons between reactants.

Empirical Solution

A solution prepared so that a specific amount of it reacts with a definite amount of a substance.

Normal Solution (N)

A solution containing one equivalent weight of solute per liter.

Molar Solution (M)

A solution containing one gram molecular weight of solute per liter.

Endpoint

The point in a titration at which the reaction is complete, usually indicated by a color change.

Equivalent Factor (F)

The number of grams of sample that reacts with one milliliter of standard solution.

Neutralization Reaction

A reaction where an acid and a base react to form water and salt.

Gravimetric Analysis

A method of analysis based on the weighing of the product of a reaction.

Instrumental Analysis

Methods that depend on the measurement of physical properties to determine the concentration of an analyte.