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What does this debate concern?
The nature of change from Roman to Medieval Europe
Name the 18th century historian and his argument…
Edward Gibbon, who saw a ‘decline and fall’ in the Empire, as barbarian hordes punished their weaknesses
20th century developments encouraged scholars to…
See more light in the Dark Ages
Which Belgian historian is prominent within this discussion?
Henri Pirenne
What did Pirenne argued?
The real ‘fall’ came with the fragmentation of the Mediterranean World following the rise of Islam in the 7th century
What has happened to much of Pirenne’s thesis?
It has been disproved by archaeological evidence
What part of Pirenne’s theory has been attractive for other scholars? Can you name one?
That the ‘Roman World’ was slowly transformed, attractive to individuals such as Peter Brown
What theory lies at the end of the modern spectrum?
That the Roman world’s transformation was relatively peaceful, with Barbarian groups accommodated by the Empire, and sometimes imitated or even invented
What period is argued to be the most significant period of change?
The decades around the year 1000
After what event in which year is political and socio-economic change supposed to have begun?
The fall of the Carolingian Empire in 888
What type of world emerged around the year 1000?
A feudal world
Who proposed the notion of a ‘feudal revolution’? Following what research?
Georges Duby, following his research on the Maconnais in Burgundy
Duby noted the loss of what?
Royal judiciary powers to the aristocracy
Reuter and Wickham argued that feudalism never did what?
Never arrived in the East - not an inevitable process
Whilst Wickham agrees with Reuter, he is also inclined to do what, because he is a marxist historian?
Inclined to find exploitation in all periods, and that aristocratic dominance reaches back to the 9th century
Wickham focusses on what?
Economic factors
Wickham is considered to be the most…
Famous Marxist mediaeval historian
Wickham’s centre of change is focussed around the year….
600
Wickham believes that modes of production were….
Not socially exclusive
Bisson argues what occurred around which year?
Bad, quick changes occurred around the year 1000
Bisson also argues that change often related to …
Manipulation and exploitation relating to lordship
After the fall of the Carolingian Empire’s collapse, Kings lost royal power and would eventually …
Only control the region around Paris
