Reactions of Hydro Carbons

Alkane Substitution

A halogen replaces one of the hydrogens attached to the carbon. This will result in a new compound and a binary acid (HBR, HCL, HF etc)

Halogenation

A halogen breaks up a double/triple bond between carbons, acting like a hydrogen.

Hydrogenation

H2 is added to a reaction breaking up double/triple bonds

Hydrohalogenation

A binary acid with a halogen (HBR, HCL, HF etc) is added to a reaction breaking up double and triple bonds

Hydration

HOH is added to a reaction breaking up double/triple bonds and creating an alcohol. The H of the hydrogen and the OH are treated seperately.

Markovnikov’s rule

During Hydrohalogenation and Hydration. The Hydrogen will go to the carbon in the double/triple bond that already has the most hydrogen atoms. The rich get richer.

Alcohol

Water (HOH) is added to an alkene to create an alcohol

Properties of Alcohols

High Polarity

Can Hydrogen Bond

Soluble in polar solvents

Long Chain alcohols are nonpolar and polar

Ethers

Combine 2 Alcohols to create Water and an Ether

Properties of Organic Halides

More Polar

Higher Boiling Point than Hydrocarbons

More soluble in polar solvents

Molecules with more halogens are more polar

Eliminating Organic Halides

Add an OH- ion to create a double/triple bond and water