Reactions of Hydro Carbons

Alkane Substitution

A halogen replaces one of the hydrogens attached to the carbon. This will result in a new compound and a binary acid (HBR, HCL, HF etc)

Halogenation

A halogen breaks up a double/triple bond between carbons, acting like a hydrogen.

Hydrogenation

H2 is added to a reaction breaking up double/triple bonds

Hydrohalogenation

A binary acid with a halogen (HBR, HCL, HF etc) is added to a reaction breaking up double and triple bonds

Hydration

HOH is added to a reaction breaking up double/triple bonds and creating an alcohol. The H of the hydrogen and the OH are treated seperately.

Markovnikov’s rule

During Hydrohalogenation and Hydration. The Hydrogen will go to the carbon in the double/triple bond that already has the most hydrogen atoms. The rich get richer.

Forming an Alcohol

Water (HOH) is added to an alkene to create an alcohol

Ethers

Combine 2 Alcohols to create Water and an Ether

Eliminating Organic Halides

Add an OH- ion to create a double/triple bond and water

Eliminating Alcohols

Catalyst of H2SO4

Forming Aldehydes

1st degree alcohol + an oxidizing agent

Forming Ketones

2nd degree alcohol + an oxidizing agent

Breaking Aldehydes and Ketones

Add H2 (Hydrogenation)

Forming Carboxylic Acid

Oxidize an Aldehyde

Forming Esters

Add Carboxylic Acid and an Alcohol to form and Ester and Water