Final Exam - Family Planning

what must occur for birth control to be 99% effective

perfect use

what is the effectiveness of the pill

91%

what is the physiological mechanism of the pill

prevents ovulation

thickens cervical mucus to prevent sperm from reaching egg

thins uterine lining to prevent implantation

what are some pros to the pill

regulate cycles

reduce acne

decrease cramps and lighten periods

what are some cons to the pill

may cause nausea, headaches, and weight gain

increased risk of blood clots, especially in smokers and women over 35

what is the effectiveness of the birth control patch

91%

what is the physical mechanism of the birth control patch and the ring (nuvaring)

releases estrogen and progestin to prevent ovulation

thickens cervical mucus and thins uterine lining

pros and cons to the patch

only needs to change once a week, convenient

skin irritation, less effective for women over 198 pounds

pros and cons of the birth control ring

replace once a month, easy to insert and remove, low hormone dosage

requires comfort with vaginal insertion, vaginal irritation/discharge

effectiveness of birth control injections (depo-provera)

96%

physiological mechanism of birth control injections

contains progestin which prevents ovulation and thickens cervical mucus

pros and cons of birth control injection

administered every 3 months, no weekly/daily action, may stop periods after prolonged use

irregular periods/spotting, weight gain, bone density loss, fertility may take up to a year to return

nexplanon (hormonal implant) physiological mechanism

releases progestin to prevent ovulation and thicken cervical mucus

pros of nexplanon

long-lasting, low-maintenance, fertility returns quickly

cons of nexplanon

requires minor procedure for insertions adn removal

irregular periods

side effects

pros/cons of IUD

long lasting, reduce or stop period, low maintenance

requires insertion by healthcare provider, cramping and spotting after insertion, side effects

physiological mechanism of copper IUD (paragard)

copper creates an inflammatory reaction toxic to sperm, preventing fertilization

pros/cons of copper IUD

non-hormonal, long lasting

heavier/longer periods, more cramps, requires healthcare insertion, risk of expulsion or movement of IUD

effectiveness of condoms

79-85%

effectiveness of diaphragms and cervical caps

71-88%

effectiveness of natural family planning (fertility awareness)

76-88%

An Emergency Contraceptive Pill (ECP) is best taken within __ hours of contraceptive failure, rape, or unwanted sexual incident. It can be used effectively up to ___ hours after. Failure occurs only __% of the time

12, 72, 1

failure while using the withdrawal method occurs >___% of the time

20

what does the process of natural family planning look like

- counting days of the cycle

- monitoring temperature

- monitoring discharge

- agreement to not have sex during any potentially risky days

for NFP, days 1-7 days of the cycle are considered ___ days. Days 8-19 are considered ____ days. Days 20-until the start of bleeding are considered __ days

safe, no sex, safe

if a cycle lasts fewer than 26 or more than 32 days, ___ may not work

NFP (natural family planning)