European Settlement and Early American Colonies

Vocabulary flashcards covering European settlement models, Plymouth and Massachusetts Bay colonies, Virginia labor systems, and Anglo-Powhatan conflicts.

Spain Colonial Model

A colonial system focused on Gold, God, and Glory, governed under strict Royal governor control, strictly Catholic with slow growth, and initially sending soldiers and clergy first, followed later by farmers.

France Colonial Model

A colonial system centered on private trading posts and imperial control, sending traders and merchants rather than people to kill others, strictly Catholic, and characterized by slow growth.

England Colonial Model

A colonial system established by Royal Charter through Joint Stock Companies, comprised of middle-class and upper-class non-Catholic migrants, marked by rapid growth, salutary neglect, and native relations that soured shortly after peaceful contact.

Salutary Neglect

An England policy of relaxed imperial governance over its colonies, contributing to rapid colonial growth and self-governance.

Separatists

An extreme Calvinist group in Plymouth believing in predestination who called out aspects of Christianity they disliked, fled England for the Dutch Republic to avoid persecution, left when their children became too Dutch, and sailed on the Mayflower in 1620 to form a community closed to other religions.

Mayflower (1620)

The ship that transported the Separatists to Plymouth in 1620 to establish a land for themselves.

Puritans

A Calvinist group in the Massachusetts Bay Colony that believed in predestination, were less extreme than the Separatists, held ideas to avoid advice from others, and secured a Royal Charter in 1629.

John Winthrop

The leader associated with the Massachusetts Bay Colony who articulated the ideal of establishing a 'City Upon a Hill'.

Primogeniture

A British inheritance tradition that served as an economic push factor driving emigration to North American colonies alongside overpopulation and economic depression.

Indentured Servitude

A system of contractual labor where a worker agreed to labor in exchange for land.

Headright System

A system used in colonial Virginia to grant land to encourage colonization and labor recruitment.

1619

The year the first African slaves were brought to Virginia.

Chattel Slavery

A system of human bondage developed in North America, distinct from slavery in the ancient world.

Algonquin (Powhatan Tribe)

The Native American people who originally lived in the Chesapeake Bay region and wrote a letter of complaints to John Smith in 1609.

1st Anglo-Powhatan War

A conflict fought between English colonists and the Powhatan Tribe from 1609 to 1614.

2nd Anglo-Powhatan War

A second war fought between English colonists and the Powhatan Tribe in 1644.

1685

The year by which the Powhatan Tribe was officially considered extinct according to colonial records.