chemistry two orgo memorization

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Last updated 6:34 PM on 9/21/26
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27 Terms

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what are alkanes?

organic compounds made up entirely with hydrocarbons, and have no degrees of unsaturation

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<p>1 carbon alkane</p>

1 carbon alkane

methane

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<p>2 carbon alkane</p>

2 carbon alkane

ethane

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<p>3 carbon alkane</p>

3 carbon alkane

propane

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<p>4 carbon alkane</p>

4 carbon alkane

butane

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<p>5 carbon alkane</p>

5 carbon alkane

pentane

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<p>6 carbon alkane</p>

6 carbon alkane

hexane

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<p>7 carbon atoms</p>

7 carbon atoms

heptane

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<p>8 carbon atoms</p>

8 carbon atoms

octane

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<p>9 carbon atoms</p>

9 carbon atoms

nonane

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<p>10 carbon atoms</p>

10 carbon atoms

decane

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<p>a halogen bonded to an sp3 carbon atom (no double bonds)</p>

a halogen bonded to an sp3 carbon atom (no double bonds)

alkyl halide

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<p>unsaturated hydrocarbon containing at least one Carbon Carbon double bond</p>

unsaturated hydrocarbon containing at least one Carbon Carbon double bond

alkene

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<p>unsaturated hydrocarbon containing at least one Carbon Carbon triple bond</p>

unsaturated hydrocarbon containing at least one Carbon Carbon triple bond

Alkyne

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<p>a hydroxide bonded to an sp3 carbon atom (no double bonds)</p>

a hydroxide bonded to an sp3 carbon atom (no double bonds)

Alcohol

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<p>oxygen single bonded to two carbon chains (“sandwiched” in between two carbons)</p>

oxygen single bonded to two carbon chains (“sandwiched” in between two carbons)

ether

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<p>a sulfhydryl (SH) attached to the end of a molecule, on a carbon atom</p>

a sulfhydryl (SH) attached to the end of a molecule, on a carbon atom

Thiol

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<p>a sulfur atom “sandwiched” in between two carbon atoms, single bonded to two carbon chains</p>

a sulfur atom “sandwiched” in between two carbon atoms, single bonded to two carbon chains

Sulfide

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<p>ring of sp2 carbons (alternating double bonds in the ring)</p>

ring of sp2 carbons (alternating double bonds in the ring)

Aromatic

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<p>carbonyl group (C=O) bonded to two carbon chains (“sandwiched” in between two carbon atoms)</p>

carbonyl group (C=O) bonded to two carbon chains (“sandwiched” in between two carbon atoms)

ketone

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<p>carbonyl group (C=O) bonded to a carbon chain and a hydrogen atom (“sandwiched” between carbon and hydrogen atoms)</p>

carbonyl group (C=O) bonded to a carbon chain and a hydrogen atom (“sandwiched” between carbon and hydrogen atoms)

aldehyde

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<p>featuring a carboxyl group (-COOH), which is made up of a hydroxyl group (O-H) bonded to the carbon on a carbonyl group (C=O)</p>

featuring a carboxyl group (-COOH), which is made up of a hydroxyl group (O-H) bonded to the carbon on a carbonyl group (C=O)

carboxylic acid

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<p>carbonyl group (C=O) which is bonded to a halogen via the carbon atom</p>

carbonyl group (C=O) which is bonded to a halogen via the carbon atom

Acyl halide

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<p>features two acyl groups (R-C=O), which connect as both of their carbon atoms form a single bond with an oxygen</p>

features two acyl groups (R-C=O), which connect as both of their carbon atoms form a single bond with an oxygen

Anhydride

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<p>an organic compound which contains a carbonyl group (C=O) bonded via the carbon to another oxygen, which is bonded to the remainder of the hydrocarbon molecule (the compound is “sandwiched” inside of the carbon chain)</p>

an organic compound which contains a carbonyl group (C=O) bonded via the carbon to another oxygen, which is bonded to the remainder of the hydrocarbon molecule (the compound is “sandwiched” inside of the carbon chain)

ester

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<p>organic compound with a carbonyl group (C=O) which bonds to a nitrogen via the carbon atom. This is “sandwiched” between the rest of the molecule. Nitrogen is sp3 (single bonds only)</p>

organic compound with a carbonyl group (C=O) which bonds to a nitrogen via the carbon atom. This is “sandwiched” between the rest of the molecule. Nitrogen is sp3 (single bonds only)

Amide

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<p>organic compounds in which one or more of the hydrogens in NH3 are replaced by alkyl or aryl groups (N bonded to carbon chain, potentially bonded to 1 or 2 hydrogens)</p>

organic compounds in which one or more of the hydrogens in NH3 are replaced by alkyl or aryl groups (N bonded to carbon chain, potentially bonded to 1 or 2 hydrogens)

Amine