Chapter 16 Female Reproductive System

ovaries

gonads

ova

eggs, gametes

ovarian follicle

cluster of cells where ovum ripens each month

ovulation

1 ovum released from ovary

uterine tube/ fallopian tube

where ovum travels to after ovulation

fimbriae

fingerlike projections that sweep ovum into tube

cervix

lower portion of uterus (leads to vag)

fornix

space between cervix and vag

rectouterine pouch

lowest point of peritoneal cavity

endometrium

innermost layer of uterine wall w blood supply

becomes part of placenta

Period blood

endometrium shed during menstrual period if no fertilization occurs

myometrium

muscle layer of uterine wall

perineum

region between genitalia to anus (private parts)

mammary glands

breasts

vulva

all female external genitalia

manarche

first menstrual period

FSH (pit gland)

causes ovum to ripen and secretes estrogen

LH (pit gland)

ovulation and corpus luteum

corpus luteum

follicle turns into small yellow structure that secretes progesterone and estrogen after ovulation

menopause

cessation of monthly cycles

contraception

block sperm, prevent implantation, prevent ovulation

tubal ligation

cut and tie uterine tubes for sterilization

candidiasis

fungal infection leads to vaginitis

salping/o

uterine tube

metr/o

uterus

hyster/o

uterus

gyen/o

women

oo/ ov

ovum

oophor/o

ovary

pelvic inflam disease PID

spread of infection from reproductive organs to pelvic cavity

fibroid

leiomyoma, benign smooth muscle tumor in uterine wall

myomectomy

surgical removal fibroid

hysterectomy

remove uterus

endometriosis

growth of endometrial tissue outside uterus

dysmenorrhea

painful menstration

metrorrhagia

uterine bleeding between normal periods

dialation and curettage D & C

dialate cervix and scrape uterine lining

colposcope

vagina and cervix

oophorectomy

removal of ovary

mammography

breast cancer x ray

cone biopsy

remove connective tissue (cone) from cervical lining

tomosynthesis

3D x ray breast

sterotactic biopsy

needle biopsy

mastectomy

removal breast tissue

radical (whole)

modified (leave muscles)

segmental (breast and lump)

sentinel node biopsy

lymph nodes for drainage of tumor

zygote

fertilized ovem 46 chrom

embreyo

between zygote and fetus

human chorionic gonadotropin hCG

secreted by embreyo in early pregnancy that maintains corpus luteum so it will continue to secrete hormones

placenta

organ formed from chorion (embreyos outermost layer) and endometrium

nourishes fetus

umbillical cord

blood vessels that link fetus to placenta

gestation

period of development

amniotic sac

membrane fluid that holds fetus

foramen ovaie

hole in interatrial septum in fetal heart that allows blood to pass directly thru right to left sides

ductus arteriosus

fetal blood vessel allows blood to bypass lungs

parturition

childbirth

oxytocin (pit)

stimulates contraction of uterus and milk relase

Apgar score

newborn physical condition

gravida

pregnant women

para

women who has given birth

colostrum

breast fluid after giving birth but before milk

ectopic

develeopment of fert ovum outside uterus

preclampsia

hypertension and proteinuria

eclampsia

convulsions and coma

dialation and evacuation d & e

abortion, dialate cervix and suction fetal tissue

hemolytic disease newborns HDN

Rh incompatibility

placenta previa

placental attatch on lower portion of uterus

placental abruption

premature separtation of placenta

mastitis

inflammed breast

congenital

at birth

toc/o

labor

nat/i

birth

teratogens

factors that cause malformations

atresia

absence or closure of normal body opening

acencephaly

absence of brain

spina bifida

incomplete closure of spine

amniocetesis

transabdominal puncture of amniotic sac for fluid testing

karyotype

chromosomes in order

chronic villus sampling CVS

biopsies around fetus membrane thru cervix for prenatal testing