WHAP 2nd Semester Final Exam: Dates & Chapters 39 & 40

1. What dates are most closely associated with the Mongol invasions (Golden Horde in Russia & Yuan Dynasty)?

1200's

2. What dates are most associated with the Mini Ice Age and the Black Death?

1300's

3. What years are associated with Ming Recovery and the Renaissance in Europe?

1400's

4. What years did Portugal first round the Tip of Africa (Cape of Good Hope)?

late 1400's

5. When did Ming China embark on some short-lived expeditions in the Indian Ocean? *No lasting impact!

early 1400's

6. What year did the European arrive in the Americas? *Columbus sailed the "Ocean Blue."

1492

7. When did the Age of Revolution (American, French, Haitian, and Latin American Revolutions) begin? *This should be easy when you think about U.S. history.

- 1776 (Late 1700's-Early 1800's)

- (Creoles-Bolivar-1820's)

8. When do most historians believe that Industrial Revolution began?

1750's (ish)

9. What dates is the Scientific Revolution and the Protestant Reformation most associated with?

1500's

10. When did the British Empire abolish slavery? *This also marked the beginning of indentured servitude.

1833

11. What year did the Ottoman Turks conquer Constantinople (Istanbul)? *Byzantine Empire collapses.

1453

12. What years are most associated with Northern/Western European migration?

early 1800's

13. What dates do most historians associate with the migration of Polish, Greek, Italian, and Jewish peoples?

late 1800's

14. When did Chinese immigrants to the United States and the Americas in general? *Gold Rush & Railroads!

1849-1860's (mid 1800's)

15. When did New Imperialism and the search for industrial resources such as copper, rubber and tin occur? *Including the "Scramble for Africa."

late 1800's

16. When did German/Italian Nationalistic movements and the Meiji Restoration in Japan occur? *All of these countries wanted to "find their place under the sun" and westernize/modernize!

mid 1800's

17. When did the Irish Potato Famine take place? *It led to immigration to U.S. cities: New York & Boston.

1840's

18. What dates do historians associate with the Mexican, Chinese, and Russian Revolutions? *All three dealt with "land redistribution". Hint: During what war did the Russian Revolution begin?

early 1900's

19. What year did World War I begin?* Empires like Russia will collapse.

1914

20. What year did the Stock Market Crash? *Some consider this the beginning the Great Depression.

1929

21. In what year did Russia experience two revolutions? *Took place during World War I.

1917

22. List major events that took place in the years immediately following the Stock Market Crash.

- the world falls into a global depression (Great Depression) which is a major economic crisis

- massive loss of employment

*FDR implements New Deal policies as a result

23. What two countries will gain their independence and be partitioned following World War I| (1947-1948)?

India and Palestine

24. When did World War Two end?

1945

25. What major events took place in 1949? *Bad year for the United States!!

- Communists take over China

- Soviet Union develops and atomic bomb

26. What major events/developments took place in the years immediately following the end of World War II?

- the beginning of the Cold War

- the beginning of decolonization (European empires are collapsing)

- beginning of the nuclear age and Space Race

- India and Palestine partitioned

27. What years mark the end of the Cold War? Berlin Wall comes down! *Soviet Union collapses

1990 (ish)

28. What year is considered the "Year of Africa"? *African colonies begin to gain their independence.

1960

29. What Chinese dynasty lasted for about 300 years between 1600 and 1911? *The Manchus forced the emperor to abdicate.

Qing Dynasty

30. What Chinese dynasty lasted for about 300 years between 1300 & 1600s? *Recovery from unlucky 1300s.

Ming Dynasty

31. The dates between the 1200-1400s marked the end of the Middle Ages. What innovative Chinese dynasty dominated China just previous to the 1200s?

Song Dynasty

32. During what dynasty did the Mongols control China?

Yuan Dynasty

33. What intellectual movement will emerge in the 1700s and stimulate a number of revolutionary and reform movements?

the Enlightenment

34. Which of the following "countries at a crossroads" was most successful at industrializing in the 1800s?

Meiji Japan

35. List the major revolutions in chronological order beginning in 1776.

- American Revolution (1776-1783)

- French Revolution (1789-1799)

- Haitian Revolution (1791-1804)

- Latin American Revolutions (1808-1829)

- Mexican Revolution (1910-1920)

- Russian Revolution (1917-1922)

- Chinese Revolution (1927-1949)

36. What intellectual revolution emerged from the Renaissance in Europe and will give the Europeans the upper hand during the Age of Exploration?

the scientific revolution

37. When did The Columbian Exchange (PAPP and 5 S's) begin?

1492

38. What countries/empires found it difficult to industrialize and westernize due to their strong cultural traditions? (Chapter 33: Countries at a crossroads)

China and the Ottoman Empire

39. When did slave trade/slavery come to an end in the Atlantic region? *Indentured servanthood replaced it.

1807

40. What social class will lead the Latin American revolutions in early 1800s? *Became the intellectual elites!

the Creoles

41. What is communalism? *How did this impact the partition of British India?

- the emphasis of religion over national identity

- it makes India's partition violent, causing hostility between Hindus and Muslims

(Jinnah supported Muslim separatism in Pakistan while Nehru and Gandhi support a united India)

42. Identify the non-alignment movement and how it relates to the Bandung Conference.

- the nonalignment movement involved not taking sides (with the US or USSR) in the Cold War

- the Bandung Conference was a meeting of 3rd world countries who chose not to align in the Cold War held in Bandung, Indonesia

43. Against what country did Ho Chi Minh initially lead a nationalist movement in Vietnam following WWII?

France

44. Where did the Balfour Declaration allow Jews to establish a Jewish homeland?

Palestine

45. Identify Abdul Nasser.

- an Egyptian leader who takes over Egypt in 1952 and leads pan-Arab nationalism

- he industrializes Egypt by extracting help from both the US and USSR

-he nationalizes the Suez Canal and builds the Aswan Dam

46. What was the first sub-Saharan country to gain its independence (1957)? *Negotiated independence!

Ghana

47. What country served as the mandate power in Palestine, Jordan, and Iraq after World War I?

Britain

48. What Congolese dictator will overthrow a Marxist prime minister with the financial help of the United States? He will personally enrich himself with aid that was meant for his country. *Like a vampire.

Mobutu

49. What Palestinian leader pushed for Palestinian autonomy & signed peace treaties with Israel in 1993/95?

Yasser Arafat

50. Which of the following movements is most associated with using young people (Red Guard) to cleanse China of the intellectual elite (many from the older generation) and return to a "purer" Marxism?

the Cultural Revolution

51. What two ideologies/philosophies joined each other in order to liberate Central Americans from poverty and repression? *This movement was called Liberation theology.

Catholicism and Marxism

52. Identify the 4 East Asian economic powerhouses? (4 Asian Tigers)

- Taiwan

- South Korea

- Hong Kong (China)

- Singapore

53. List examples of multinational corporations.

Apple, Nike, Honda, McDonalds, Coca-Cola, British Petroleum (FL Gulf Coast), Toyota, General Motors, Shell Oil, Sony

54. List the locations of a major nuclear accidents

- 3-Mile Island

- Chernobyl in Ukraine

- Fukushima, Japan

55. Describe global migrations in the late 20th/early21st century? *Who? Where? What type of work?

- "guest workers" from southern Europe, north Africa, and Turkey to western Europe

- Latinos to the US

56. Identify and describe some non-government organizations (NGOs).

- Greenpeace (solving and addressing environmental issues)

- Amnesty International (advocates global human rights)

- Human Right Watch (investigates and protects minorities from abuse)

- National Organization for Women (NOW) (advocates for women's rights and equality

- Red Cross (crescent in Muslim countries) (protects human health)

57. What persons/ empires/organizations attempted to unify (decentralized)Europe?

- the Roman Empire

- Charlemagne

- the Holy Roman Empire

- the Napoleonic Empire

- the 3rd Reich

- the European Union (EU)

58. Which of following tribes were involved in one of the worst genocides in history? (Rwanda)

Hustus and Tutsis

59. Which countries removed trade barriers in order to promote regional trade under NAFTA?

the US, Mexico, and Canada

60. What did Protestants/Catholics in Ireland, Palestinian Arabs & al Qaeda have in common with each other?

examples of global terrorism

61. What man, after 27 years in prison, will end apartheid and become South Africa's first Black President?

Nelson Mandela

62. What organization supported a global economy by promoting a single set of trade laws and practices?

the World Trade Organization (WTO)

63. Describe the partition of India. *Who? When? Where? How many?

- the partition of India was a split between British owned India into the two separate nations of India and Pakistan

- the Muslim League and its leader, Muhammad Ali Jinnah, strongly promoted India's partition. the Indian National Congress, led by Jawaharal Nehru and Mahatma Gandhi also aided (however, Gandhi was opposed to a partition)

- Pakistan and India both gained independence from the British in 1947

- between 10-20 million people move from Pakistan to India and vice versa (Hindus moved to India, Muslims moved to Pakistan)

64. What region was returned to China in 1997? *Hint: Opium War

Hong Kong

65. How did the Cold War impact dictators like Juan Peron (Argentina) & Augusto Pinochet (Chile)?

both dictators gained support from the US due to their opposition to socialism/communism

66. What people (nationality) were involved in the ethnic cleansing of Bosnian and Albanian Muslims?

the Serbs in Yugoslavia

67. Identify the Green Revolution.

a. mid-20th century

b. development of powerful fertilizer sand pesticides combined with new high-yield, disease-resistant crops

c. goal: famine-free world

d. food production sky rocketed

e. new hybrid rice seemed to end cycle of famine in India

f. weather patterns and civil wars caused lower crop yield in Africa

68. List the criticisms of the Green Revolution.

- overuse of pesticides

- development of monoculture

- caused a growth in population

69. Describe the impact of ideologies (Fascism, Marxism) on gender roles in the 20th century.

- Marxist -> gender equality in theory and Fascist -> support traditional roles for women

- Some women play strong political roles in Communist China and Cuba

70. List some countries that adopted one child policies or mandatory sterilization in the 20th century?

China and India

71. List some of the medical/scientific discoveries that took place in the 20th Century(1900s)?

- Polio Vaccine

- elimination of Smallpox

- heart transplants

- impact of the discovery of DNA

**26 nations with the lowest life expectancy were in Africa. (Aids and Malaria)

72. Identify Deng Xiaoping and his reforms.

- a Chinese Communist Party (CCP) leader who transformed China by implementing market-oriented economic reforms

- his reign marked a shift from Maoist ideology and a turn towards a socialist market economy

- he helped China establish diplomatic relations with other nations, notably the US

73. Who did Mexican Revolutionaries overthrow in the Mexican Revolution of 1910?

Porfirio Díaz

74. How did the presence of White settlers impact decolonization in Kenya, Angola, and Zimbabwe?

it delayed African decolonization

75. Identify Kwame Nkrumah. (What country, empire, and how did he do it?)

- a political leader who led Ghana (Gold Coast), to gain independence from the British Empire

- through negotiated independence using no violence

76. Identify the Great Leap Forward. *Similar to a Five-Year Plan. Was it a success? Who led it?

- a plan for China to overtake the industrial production of developed nations

- they collectivized all land and managed all businesses

- huge failure, resulting in the death of around 20 million people

- led by Mao Zedong

77. Identify Ho Chi Minh.

- a Marxist Vietnamese ruler who led a national movement in Vietnam against the French

- he was essential in Vietnam's journey to independence

78. Who overthrew the Shah of Iran? Did the CIA aid him in overthrowing the Shah? *Be careful! Tricky!!

- it was the majority power of Ayatollah Khomeini

-the CIA did not him in the overthrow of the Shah of Iran

- they actually helped to place him in power

79. Identify the Kyoto Protocol. How did this impact the United States?

-the Kyoto Protocol was an attempt to deal with climate change

-the US never ratified, which strained some of the country's international relations

- it generated debate about climate change within the US

80. Identify Eva Peron.

- she was the wife of Argentina dictator Juan Peron

- she ministered to the needs of the poor, often the same "shirtless ones" who formed the core of her husband's supporters

- she bathed lice-ridden children in her own home, kissed lepers, and created the Eva Peron Foundation to institutionalize and extend such charitable endeavors

81. How did the European Union promote unity?

by removing barriers to the movement of people, goods, money, and services

82. How many new sovereign nations were created after World War II (1945)?

more than 50

83. Identify Negritude.

anti-colonial cultural and political movement

("blackness") a pan-African literary movement that shared pride in Africa

- revived Africa's great traditions and cultures

- founded by a group of African and Caribbean students in Paris in the 1930s who sought to reclaim the value of blackness and African culture

84. Identify the protests at Tiananmen Square (1989) in China.

- the Tiananmen Square incident was a series of protests and demonstrations in China in the spring of 1989

- it was crushed by Deng Xiaoping