Technical Drafting NCII - Foundation Plans

Flashcards about technical drafting terms encountered in foundation plans.

To distribute or spread the load into the ground or soil.

What is the purpose of a footing in foundation plans?

Wooden sticks or posts driven to the ground.

What are stakes used for in laying out foundation plans?

Wood sticks nailed horizontally to the stake.

What are batter boards?

Establishing reference points.

What is a level transit used for?

To establish the level of horizontal lines.

What is a plastic water hose used for in foundation layout?

When the digging of the soil extends to 1.50 meters.

When is an excavation considered shallow?

Almost total extraction of the soil at the site, requiring sheeting and shoring.

What does deep excavation involve?

To provide temporary support to the structure or ground during excavation.

Why is shoring used in deep excavation?

To carry the load of the building.

What is the main purpose of a foundation?

Load distributed into the soil by slender vertical members of timber, concrete, or steel called piles.

What characterizes a spread foundation?

Timber, concrete or steel.

What materials are piles made of?

Load is distributed into the soil by slender vertical members of timber, concrete, or steel called piles.

What is a pier foundation?

Consists of a footing upon which is placed a concrete wall or a concrete block wall forming an inverted T.

What is a T-Foundation?

Structures with basements.

Where are T-Foundations commonly used?

Foundation spread over the entire area of the building floor.

What is a mat foundation?

Distributes the weight of a building over a large area.

What is the function of a footing?

Concrete, because it can be poured to maintain a firm contact with the supporting soil.

What material is commonly used for footings and why?

Concrete, brick, steel, or wood.

What are piers and columns made of?

To support the floor systems and can be used as sole support of the structure.

What is the purpose of piers and columns?

The underside of a beam.

What is the soffit?

Carry the load of the building resting on the foundation.

What do footings and columns do?

A footing which supports a wall by extending along the entire length of the wall.

What is a wall footing?

One which supports a single column, post, pier, or other concentrated load.

Define isolated footing.

One which supports two column loads, or sometimes three column loads not in a row.

What is a combined footing?

Supports two column loads and consists of two footings connected by a beam often called a strap.

What is a cantilever footing?

One which supports a row of three or more columns.

What is a continuous footing?

One which extends under the entire building area and supports all the wall and column loads from the building.

What is a raft or mat footing?

Behavior of materials under crushing loads.

What does compression test determine?

It measures the consistency of the concrete in that specific batch.

What does concrete slump test measure?

The term for a mixture of cement, lime water, aggregate and other approved materials.

What is Concrete?

Parts of floor system placed on the girders where the floorboards are fastened

What are floor joists?

All the weight in a structure made up of immovable materials.

What is a dead load?

The wood skeleton of a building constructed one level on top of another.

Define framing.

A solid slab of concrete poured directly on the ground with footings placed where extra support is needed.

What is a slab foundation?

the portion of a building between floor and ceiling which is wholly or partly below grade and so located that the vertical distance from grade to the floor is equal to or greater than the vertical distance from grade to ceiling

What is a Cellar?