Anatomy 1 lab skull, spine, rib, & sternum bones

Frontal bone

Parietal bone

Occipital bone

Coronal suture

Sagittal suture

Lambdoid suture

Squamous suture

Zygomatic process (helps form zygomatic arch with the zygomatic bone)

Mandibular fossa (receives the condyle of the mandible (lower jaw)

External auditory meatus (external ear canal)

Styloid process (“stake like” point of attachment for several tongue and neck muscles)

Mastoid region of the temporal bone

Mastoid process (anchoring site for several neck muscles)

Jugular foramen (for internal jugular vein and nerves)

Internal acoustic meatus (for passage of the auditory nerve)

Maxilla bone

Zygomatic bone

Nasal bone

Lacrimal bone

Lacrimal fossa (for lacrimal sac, part of tear drainage system into nasal cavity)

Inferior nasal conchae

Carotid canal (for internal carotid artery)

Greater wing of the sphenoid bone (“sphen”=wedge)

Greater wing of the sphenoid bone (“sphen”=wedge)

Lesser wing of the sphenoid bone

Sella turcica (holds pituitary gland - “Turk’s saddle”)

Pterygoid processes of sphenoid bone (trough - shaped anchor for chewing muscles)

Cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone (notice olfactory formina in it - for olfactory nerves. Crista galli “rooster’s comb” dura mater attaches here)

Perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone (helps form bony nasal septum with vomer)

Palatine process of maxilla (helps form hard palate with palatine bones)

Palatine bones

Vomer

Vomer

Occipital condyles (articulates with superior articular surfaces of atlas)

Foramen magnum (“big hole” for the spinal cord)

Optic canals (optic nerve)

Optic canals (optic nerve)

Hyoid bone (only bone that does not articulate directly with any other bone)

Maxilla bone

Mandibular condyle (forms TMJ)

Coronoid process

Mandibular notch

Ramus (“rami” = branches)

Mandibular angle (where ramus and body meet)

Body (forms the chin)

Mandibular foramen (nerves involved in tooth sensation - pass to lower jaw teeth - dentists inject Novocain to numb lower teeth)

skull, vertebral column, ribs, sternum

What is the axial skeleton composed of?

2

The skull is divided into how many regions?

cranium (brain case) and facial bones

What are the regions of the skull?

8

How many bones are in the cranium?

1 frontal bone, 2 parietal, 1 occipital, 2 temporal, 1 ethmoid, 1 sphenoid

What are the bones in the cranium?

Ethmoid bone

14

The facial bones are made up of how many bones?

1 mandible, 2 maxilla, 2 zygomatic, 2 nasal, 2 lacrimal, 2 palatine, 1 vomer, 2 inferior nasal conchae

What bones are in the facial bones?

Temporomandibular joint (TMJ)

The only moveable joint of the skull

Temporal bone

7

How many vertebrae make up the cervical division?

12

How many vertebrae make up the thoracic division?

5

How many vertebrae make up the lumbar division?

5 fused

How many vertebrae make up the sacrum division?

3-5 fused (tailbone)

How many vertebrae make up the coccyx division?

Cervical

Thoracic

Lumbar

Sacrum

Coccyx

Intervertebral foramen (“between-vertebral hole”; spinal nerves pass thru)

Body

Pedicles (“little feet”)

Lamina

Transverse process

Spinous process

Superior articular process

Inferior articular process

Vertebral foramen (spinal cord passes thru)

Intervertebral disc (cushion-like pad made of 2 parts)

Nucleus pulposus

Inner gelatinous material that acts like a rubber ball to give disc elasticity and compressibility

Annulus fibrosus

Strong collar surrounding nucleus pulposus; made of fibrocartilage and collagen fibus.

Herniated (slipped) disc

Occurs when spongy nucleus pulposus protruded thru a rupture in annulus fibrosus and presses on the spinal cord or spinal nerves.

Nucleus pulposus

Annulus fibrosus

Herniated (slipped) disc

Atlas (is first cervical vertebrae)

Lateral mass

Anterior arch

Posterior arch

Superior articular process of axis

Inferior articular process

Transverse foramen (for passage of the vertebral arteries to the brain)

Axis (is second cervical vertebrae)

Dens (odontoid process - acts as a pivot for rotation of Atlas to make “no” motion)

Transverse Foramen

Sacrum

Alae (wing like processes)

Sacral promontory

Sacral foramina

Median sacral crest (remnant of spinous processes)

Kyphosis

“Hunchback,” is an exaggerated thoracic curvature.

Lordosis

“Swayback,” is an accentuated lumbar curvature.

Scoliosis

Abnormal lateral curvature, usually in thoracic region.