CIS 150: Test 1

Hardware

Computer equipment

What is an example of hardware?

Keyboard

Software

Software

What is an example of software?

Application system programs

Data

Raw facts suitable for processing

What are some examples of data?

Date of birth or marital status

Data can be a _____ ______ or can have multiple ____

Fixed variable; options

Information

Data that has been processed

Data goes ____, information comes ____

In; out

OS stand for what?

Operating System

Operating System

A large complex series of programs that allows a computer to supervise its own operation

What are some examples of OS’s?

Windows10, macOS, Linux, UNIX, Android, iOS, and ChromeOS

Desktop

Initial screen in a Windows environment

Icon

Pictures usually on the desktop that shows a task to be performed

(BONUS) i.e. means what?

Id est; in other words

(BONUS) e.g. means what?

Exempli gratia; for example

(BONUS) Between you and me is correct why?

“Me” is an object of the pronoun, in this case me is the object of the preposition between

Acronym

A word made up from parts of other words

biT

(Binary digit) {0,1}; smallest unit for storing data on a computer

A biT is the difference between what?

Charged and not charged

Byte

8 consecutive biTs or 1 character

What is an uppercase A read as on a computer according to ASCII?

65

What is an uppercase B read as on a computer according to ASCII?

66

What is a lowercase a read as on a computer according to ASCII?

97

What is a * (Space) read as on a computer according to ASCII?

32

What is a 0 read as on a computer according to ASCII?

48

ASCII

(American Standard Code for Information Interchange) the 8 biT code used to store numbers, letters, and special characters on a computer; morris code for computers

Algorithm

A number of steps used to solve a problem

Ergonomics

Study of work

What does ergo- mean?

(Greek) Work

(K) Kilo

2¹⁰ (1024)

(M) Mega

2²⁰ (1 million)

(G) Giga

2³⁰ (1 billion)

(T) Tera

2⁴⁰ (1 trillion)

Millisecond

10^-3 sec

Microsecond

10^-6 sec

Nanosecond

10^-9 sec

Picosecond

10^-12 sec

Bandwidth

Maximum rate of data transfer

Barcodes

Verticals marks of bars on packages used to denote items (not price)

How many types of barcodes are there?

4

What is the first type of barcodes?

UPC (Universal Product Code) 12 digit code

What is the second type of barcodes?

ISBN (International Standard Book Number) 10 or 13 digit book code

What is the third type of barcodes?

QR Code (Quick Response Code) 2 dimensional

What is the fourth type of barcodes?

RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) Uses radio waves

What is the difference between RFID and the other three types of barcodes?

RFID does not have to be scanned to be seen whereas the rest need to be scanned to be read

POS Terminal

Combination cash register and computer terminal (Barcode + POSS)

What information does POS terminals keep?

Keeps inventory, types of payment, type of item, and its price

What is the most common type of barcode?

UPC

What is an example of a RFID?

E-ZPass

What are the advantages of point-of-sale systems?

Keeps a history of members, inventory, and prices

Motherboard

Main circuit on a computer

What are the two types of chips?

Processor and memory

What is the most important piece of hardware?

Processor chips

What is the most important piece of software?

Operating Systems

Processing chips are also known are what?

CPU

What does CPU stand for?

Central Processing Unit

What does the CPU do?

Controls everything that goes on in the computer

How many parts are there in processing chips?

3

What are the 3 parts of processing chips?

Control unit, arithmetic/logic unit, and L1cache

What does the control unit within the CPU?

Manages everything with the computer

What does the arithmetic/logic within the CPU?

All mathematical (addition/subtraction/multiplication/division) and logical decision

What does the L1 cache within the CPU?

Holds bits of data that can be quickly and ready to access at fast speed

What are memory chips?

Where software resides

What does RAM stand for?

Random Access Memory

RAM

Constant changing memory

RAM sits as close as possible to the _____

CPU

What does ROM stand for?

Read Only Memory

ROM

Has a program already stored on it permanently

Bus

Electronic pathway that connects things on the motherboard for communication

What is the Bus also called?

Data highway

What is a form of hardware protocol?

A blue wire plugged into a computer allows a student to connect to the network

Protocol

Rules for data communication; hardware and software that you need to have

What does URL stand for?

Uniform Resource Locator

URL

Written name of a website

http://gannon.edu

Domain name

http://gannon.edu

Protocol

What does ISP stand for?

Internet Service Provider

ISP

Company that you pay to give you access to the internet

Browser

Piece of software that allows you to access websites

What are some examples of browsers?

Google Chrome, Safari, and Firefox

What is the difference between http and https?

http is an unsecured default protocol and https is a secured default protocol

What is an example of a https website?

Amazon

IP Address

True or numeric address of the website; 4 3-digit code

What does the IP in IP Address mean?

Internet protocol

What is an example of an IP Address?

127.111.006.125

How do you convert a URL to an IP?

DNS

What does DNS stand for?

Domain Name System

DNS

Combination of hardware and software that converts URLs to corresponding IP Address