History Final Exam 2025

Former speaker of the House from Kentucky, and one of the Warhawks

Henry Clay

5th President, best known for authoring the Monroe Doctrine

James Monroe

7th president of the United States, former general and leader of the American military in the battle of New Orleans

Andrew Jackson

The corrupt bargain was the controversial outcome of the 1824 U.S. presidential election, which involved an agreement between John Quincy Adams and ___?

Henry Clay

A practice in U.S politics where government jobs were awarded to political supporters and loyal party members rather than based on merit is known as ____?

The Spoils System

A law signed by President Andrew Jackson that authorized the federal government to forcibly relocate Native American tribes living in the southeastern United States was known as:

The Indian Removal Act

What was the significance of Marbury v. Madison (1803)?

It established that the supreme court has the power to declare acts of congress and the Executive Branch unconstitutional.

What was the Missouri compromise

A legislative agreement passed in 1820 to resolve disputes over the expansion of slavery in new U.S territories. Missouri entered the union as a slave state, Maine entered the union as a free state.

During what brief war in 1832 did a group of Indians attempt to reclaim their land in northern Illinois?

Black Hawk War

What was one of the main issues of Jackson’s reelection campaign?

Jackson’s opposition to the National bank.

Which presidential candidate used the slogan “Tippecanoe and Tyler too”?

William Henry Harrison

What new production method did Eli Whitney use to make standardized rifles?

Interchangeable Parts

What can the government grant an inventor to protect his rights to an invention?

Patent

Who created the steel plow?

John Deere

Who created the cotton gin?

Eli Whitney

Who created the steamboat?

Robert Fulton

Who created the telegraph?

Samuel Morse

What step in wheat production did Cyrus McCormick improve?

Harvesting Wheat

By the mid-1800s, what was America’s most important export?

Cotton

The most important early American road was…

National Road

3 reasons American joined the War of 1812

The impressment of American sailors

Interference with American Trade

British support for Native American Resistance

What was the name of the Catholic mission used as a fort during Texas’s war for independence?

The Alamo

What did prohibition seek to change?

Ban the manufacture, sale, and transportation of alcoholic beverages

What was America’s first major industry?

Textile industry

What is the term for a candidate who is largely unknown by the general public?

Dark Horse candidate

Who was known as the Dark Horse candidate of the election of 1844?

James K. Polk

A short-lived political party that opposed the expansion of slavery into western territories

Free soil party

The 13th president of the United States and assumed office after the death of President Zachary Taylor

Millard Fillmore

The principle that allowed settlers in U.S territories to decide for themselves whether to allow slavery

Popular sovereignty

Gold seekers who rushed to California in 1849 following the discovery of gold at Sutter’s Mill in 1848

Forty-Niners

The 12th president of the United States (1849-1850) and a hero of the Mexican-American War. He died while in office from food poisoning.

Zachary Taylor

A violent incident in the U.S. senate on May 22, 1856, when Representative Preston Brooks of South Carolina beat Senator Charles Summer of Massachusetts with a cane.

Summer-Brooks Episode

The two territories that Mexico ceded to America due to its defeat in the Mexican-American War were California and ___?

New Mexico

A key figure in the debates over slavery and westward expansion before the Civil War. He was also interested in creating a railroad that connected the east to the west.

Stephen A. Douglas

Author of Uncle Tom’s Cabin

Harriet Beecher Stowe

15th President of the United Sates and Winner of the 1856 election.

James Buchanan

A series of five laws passed by congress to address the tensions between free and slave states following the Mexican-American War and add California as a state.

Compromise of 1850

A significant piece of legislation introduced by Senator Stephen A. Douglas that aimed to organize the western territories of Kansas and Nebraska and allow for the possibility of slavery in these regions.

Kansas-Nebraska Act

Known as the “Great Compromiser”, also helped pass legislation for the compromise of 1850.

Henry Clay

Which event directly led to Southern states seceding from the Union?

The election of Abraham Lincoln

Which state was the first to secede from the Union?

South Carolina

Who was the President of the Confederate States of America

Jefferson Davis

What battle was the bloodiest single day in all of American history?

Antietam

Who was the commanding general of the Confederate Army?

Robert E. Lee

Who was the commanding general of the Union Army?

Ulysses S. Grant

President Johnson willingly worked with Congress on the Reconstruction policy. True or False?

FALSE

Abraham Lincoln was assassinated before he could implement his plans for Reconstruction. True or False?

TRUE

Reconstruction is the period from 1865 to 1877 during which the national government attempted to rebuild the South after the war. True or false?

TRUE

In Plessy v. Ferguson, the Supreme Court supported segregation. True or False?

TRUE

The 15th Amendment to the Constitution ended slavery. True or False?

FALSE

13th Amendment

The Panama Canal was built in Central America to connect the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. True or False?

TRUE

Trustbusting is the popular term for breaking up monopolies. True or False?

TRUE

Which corrupt political organization controlled politics in New York City during the last half of the nineteenth century?

Tammany Hall

What government agency was designed to help former slaves and refugees following the Civil War?

The Freedman’s Bureau

What was passed to attempt to restrict the rights of former slaves?

Black Codes

What amendment established prohibition?

18th Amendment

What term was applied to laws in the South that forced segregation?

Jim Crow Laws

What was most significant about the coal miners’ strike in 1902?

It was the first time the federal government intervened directly as a neutral arbitrator in a labor dispute

Who often said, “Speak softly and carry a big stick?”

Theodore Roosevelt

Who was the president during the civil war?

Abraham Lincoln

What event is considered the immediate cause of World War I?

Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand

Who led the American Expeditionary Forces in Europe during World War I?

John J. Pershing

Which countries were part of the Triple Alliance?

Germany

Austria-Hungary

Italy

What was the Triple Entente?

An alliance between France, Russia, and Britain

Who was the emperor of Germany during World War I?

Kaiser Wilhelm II

What was the main purpose of propaganda during World War I?

To influence public opinion and boost morale

What was the Zimmerman Telegram?

A message proposing an alliance between Germany and Mexico

What did the Espionage and Sedition Acts do during World War I?

Limited free speech and punished anti-war activities

What were the Fourteen Points?

Woodrow Wilson’s plan for postwar peace

What was the treaty of Versailles?

Officially ended WWI and placed blame on Germany