Body Systems, Organism, Metabolism, Responsiveness, and Homeostasis (Vocabulary)

Vocabulary flashcards covering organ systems, organism, metabolism, responsiveness, and homeostasis based on the notes.

Integumentary system

System including skin, hair, sweat glands, sebaceous glands, and nails; protects the body, helps regulate temperature, synthesizes vitamin D, and eliminates some wastes.

Skeletal system

System of bones, joints, cartilage, and ligaments; provides support, protection, mineral storage, and allows passive movement.

Muscular system

System of muscles and tendons; enables body movement, generates heat, and maintains posture.

Nervous system

Brain, spinal cord, peripheral nerves, and sensory receptors; maintains homeostasis quickly and coordinates body functions.

Endocrine system

Glands such as pituitary, thyroid, adrenal, thymus, pancreas, ovaries, and testes; maintains homeostasis slowly and coordinates long-term processes (growth, reproduction, pregnancy).

Cardiovascular system

Heart, blood vessels, and blood; internal transport and protection (via immune components carried in the blood).

Lymphatic & immune system

Red bone marrow, spleen, thymus, lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, and tonsils; provides immunity, lipid transport, and water balance.

Respiratory system

Larynx, pharynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs, and diaphragm; facilitates gas exchange and helps regulate pH.

Digestive system

Pharynx, esophagus, stomach, intestines, gallbladder, liver, and pancreas; involved in digestion, absorption, and elimination of solid wastes.

Urinary system

Kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra; eliminates wastes and helps regulate pH.

Reproductive system

Ovaries, testes, and related organs; enables reproduction.

Organism

An individual that is a collection of structurally and functionally integrated systems (e.g., human, animal, bacteria, fungi).

Metabolism

Sum of all chemical processes in the body, including catabolism and anabolism.

Catabolism

Breakdown of complex substances into simpler ones; dominant reaction is decomposition.

Anabolism

Building up of complex substances from smaller ones; dominant reaction is synthesis.

Responsiveness

Ability to detect and respond to changes in the external or internal environment (e.g., touch hot iron, smell causing salivation, shivering).

Homeostasis

Ability of the body to maintain a relatively stable internal environment (e.g., BP, temperature, blood glucose).

Regulation

Process by which the body maintains homeostasis, coordinating and adjusting physiological variables.