Understanding Experiments and Variables

These flashcards cover fundamental concepts related to the scientific method, particularly focusing on experiments, variables, and essential practices for conducting valid scientific research.

What is the first step in creating an experiment?

Making an observation.

What is a hypothesis?

A proposed explanation made on the basis of limited evidence as a starting point for further investigation.

What is the purpose of an experiment?

To test a hypothesis, demonstrate a fact, or make a discovery.

What is a controlled experiment?

An experiment where only one variable is changed while all other conditions are kept constant.

What are variables in an experiment?

Elements or factors that can change and affect the outcome of an experiment.

What are constants in an experiment?

Factors that do not change during the experiment and are kept the same.

Why is it important to have one independent variable in an experiment?

To clearly determine what causes any observed changes in the dependent variable.

What is an independent variable?

The variable that is changed or controlled in a scientific experiment.

What is the dependent variable?

The variable that is measured and observed in an experiment, which responds to changes in the independent variable.

What distinguishes a control group from an experimental group?

The control group does not receive the treatment or variable being tested, while experimental groups do.

Why is a control group important in experiments?

It provides a baseline to compare the effects of the experimental variable.

What might you record in a data table during an experiment?

Measurements related to the dependent variable, such as plant growth in response to fertilizer.

What does replication mean in the context of an experiment?

Repeating the experiment to verify results and ensure validity.

What should you include in your notes when conducting an experiment?

Detailed notes on all procedures and measurements to ensure accuracy and repeatability.

How can the age of plants affect an experiment testing fertilizers?

Different ages can lead to different growth rates, affecting the results unrelated to the fertilizers used.

What does it mean if an experiment is invalid?

It suggests that the results cannot be trusted due to uncontrolled variables or inconsistencies.

Why might you see inconsistent results in an experiment?

If constants are not maintained, or if there are uncontrolled variables.

What factors can vary in an experiment besides the independent variable?

Environmental conditions, such as light, temperature, and water.

What concept helps you determine the effectiveness of fertilizers in an experiment?

Comparing plant growth in both experimental and control groups.

What happens if multiple variables are changing at once in an experiment?

It becomes difficult to draw conclusions about what caused any observed changes.

What is the recommended practice for managing experimental variables?

Keep all factors constant except for the independent variable.

What kind of outcomes can a control group help you identify?

If an experimental treatment is effective or if the control group performs better.

In an experiment comparing fertilizers, what would two groups consist of?

The experimental group with various fertilizers and the control group without fertilizer.

How can a researcher ensure the validity of their experiment?

By carefully controlling variables, documenting procedures, and replicating the experiment.

What leads to reliable conclusions from an experiment?

Isolating the impact of the independent variable and maintaining consistent conditions.