everything

bevel groove

90 deg work angle

10-15 deg push

1/2-3/4 stick

flat

10-15 deg push

1/2-3/4 stick

vertical down

15-30 deg drag

1/4-3/8 stick

overhead

20-30 deg push

1/2-3/4 stick

when going up or down 1/16 just x numerator by 2 then +-1

1/16 + 1/8 = 3/16

3/16

5/16

7/16

5/8

13/16

15/16

3/8

5/8

7/8

when mathing with the fractions just convert everything to 1/16ths

steel gas

100% argon

cc power source

helps maintain constant welding current even if voltage or arc length changes

dcen

direct current electrode negative straight polarity

characteristics of dcen

deep penetration, 70% heat from arc released to workpiece

dcen metals

steels, titanium, copper, beryllium, thick aluminum

dcen setup

electrode/torch lead -negative

ground -positive

dcep uses

reactive metals, thin metals, cleans oxide layer with electrons flow to the electrode

10ga steel settings

120-145 amps

15-20 cfh

large gas cups

reactive metals, outside corner joints

small gas cups

fillet welds on t joints

pulse (mix of short circuit and spray)

(welder current peaks, melts, and drops a drop and maintains arc) 22-26 V

spray

26-35 V

globular (gravity)

(fcaw) 22-26 V

short circut

12-22 V

short circut

all position, thin metals and root passes

pulse

all position, thin weird metals

globular

flat, horizontal, thick

sprayp

s flat, horizontal, thick

spray

85% ar

globular

100% co2, 75%ar 25%co2

pulsed

90% ar 10% co2

short circut

75% a 25% co2

spray

reduce voltage until slight crackle sound (determines proper arc length), hide contact tip from heat

short circut

short stickout by extending contact tip 3-4mm beyond gas nozzle

globular

long stickout by recessing contact tip 2-3mm into gas nozzle

pulse

frequency-arc length+penetration

width-increases puddle width

peak (amps)current-increases arc length

background amps-set slightly above arc stability affected, is still low and allows puddle to cool

most positions 1/2”-3/4” stickout

usually push

pulse

vertical down 1/4”-3/8” stickout

drag

pulse

volts

arc length and shape

volts

electrical pressure

high volts

wide flat bead

low volts

tall and unfused

amps

electrical flow

amps

is heat for base metal

high amps

deeper penetration and faster melting wire

wfs (amps)

wire deposition and penetration

travel angle

0 deg from vertical