1920-1945

When was Harding President and for what party?

1920-23 → republican

When was Coolidge President and for what party?

1923-29 → republican

When was Hoover President and for what party?

1929-33 → republican

When was FDR President and for what party?

1933-45 → democrat

What percentage of the people voted for Harding?

60.3%

What did Harding quote?

‘less government in business, more business in governement’

What corruption was revealed in 1923?

Head of Veterans Bureau wasted $250mil

When was the teapot dome scandal?

1922

What was the teapot dome scandal?

Sec of the Interior, Fall, had leased federal land for bribes

When was Albert Fall jailed for the teapot dome scandal?

1931

What was Coolidge’s main quote?

‘the business of America is business’

When was the revenue act and what did it do?

1924 - top band income tax 73% to 24% by 1929

How many EC votes did Hoover win?

444/87

What were unemployment rates in 1932?

23%

Why were the democrats weak 1920-1930?

• splits → issues like prohibition - nominee represented ‘wet’ NE

• Al Smith (catholic) - southern protestants against him voted for Hoover

What were Repiblican strengths 1920-1930?

Pro business - lowering taxes and tariffs

Successes - doing well so dont vote out

Econ boom

Repub policies - ‘normalcy’ & limited intervention

What did FDR promise?

‘A new deal’

When was the Washington Naval Conference?

1921

When did the US reject the League of Nations?

1920

What came from the Washington Naval Conference?

Four Powers Treaty

reduce tonnage of battleships for 10yrs

When was the Kellog-Briand Pact?

1928

How many countries signed the Kellog Briand Pact and what did it say?

15 → no war except in self-defence

When was the Dawes Plan?

1924

What did the Dawes Plan do?

proposed annual payments of reparations & gave $800mil to Germany

When was the Young Plan?

1929

What did the young plan scale down reparations to?

$26bn over 59yrs

How much did the US inventment in Latin America increase 1924-1929?

$3bn by 1929 (doubled)

What did General Motors do in Latin America?

Manufactured cars in Argentina/Brazil/Uraguay

How much money did the US give columbia for helping support in Panama’s independence?

$25million

When were US troops withdrawn from Nicaragua?

1925

When were troops sent back to Nicaragua and why?

1926 - civil war outbreak

How many treaties were there in 1938 with Latin America?

10

When was the Reciprocal Trade Agreeement?

1934

What did the Reciprocal Trade Act do?

set up bilateral trade agreements with mainly Latin American countries

When was the Good Neighbour Policy?

1933

When was the Platt Amendment nullified?

1934

When was the 1st Neutrality Act?

1935

What did the 1st Neutrality Act do?

pres power to prohibit ships for carrying US made munitions to countries at war

When was the 2nd Neutrality Act?

1936

What did the 2nd Neutrality Act do?

Banned loans/credit to countries at war

What did the 3rd Neutrality Act do?

reinforced previous bans & permitted ‘cash and carry’ principle

What did the 4th Neutrality Act do?

lifted US arms embargo and maintained ‘cash and carry’

When was the Gallup Poll?

1937

What did the Gallup Poll say?

70% - WW1 involvement was a mistake

95% opposed future war

When was Roosevelt’s Quarantine Speech and what did he suggest in it?

1937 - quarantine of agressive nations

Who opposed the War?

America First Committee

When was the America First Committee set up?

1940

What was the America First Committee’s membership 1941?

800,000

What did the America First Committee highly oppose?

Lend-Lease Act

Which groups supported the war?

Committee to Defend America by Aiding the Allies (CDAAA)

Fight for Freedom Committee

What did the CDAAA play a large role in passing?

Lend Lease Act

When was the Lend Lease Act passed?

1941

How much was appropriated by Congress for the Lend Lease Act?

$50million

When were the US and France in talks to bypass neutrality laws?

1938

What did destroyers for bases do?

Provided Britain with 50 warships

→ In return for leases on British bases in Canada and Carribean

When was the USS Panay sunk?

1937

When was the Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere announced and what was it?

1940 - japan claiming leadership of a bloc of Asian nations

How many Japanese troops were occupying china by 1941?

2mil

When did the Japanese invade French Indochina?

1941

When was Pearl Harbour?

1941

How much US military stuff was detroyed?

6 battleships

300 aircrafts

How many women served in the armed forces in Europe?

90,000

Which amendment gave women the right to vote and when?

19th - 1920

Who was the first woman to be elected to state governor and when?

1924 - Nellie Tayloe Ross

How many more women were employed by 1930 than 10yrs earlier?

2mil

How many uni degrees were awarded to women in 1930?

1/3

How many uni professors were women?

4%

What did the Supreme Court ban in regards to women?

attempts to set minimum wages for women

How many women were managers and officials 1900 compared to 1930?

1% (1900) to 3% (1930)

How many women were clerical and sales workers 1900 compared to 1930?

8% (1900) to 28% (1930)

Who usually became flappers?

upper+middle class women in N States

What was set up in response to flappers?

Anti-Flirt Leagues

What did Margaret Sanger do?

Opened first birth control clinic 1916

How many deaths did backstreet abortions cause per year?

50,000

Why was Margaret Sanger arrested and when?

Distrubiting contraceptive information 1916

What did Margaret Sanger form in 1921?

American Birth Control League

What was the 1920s nicknamed?

‘golden age of sport’

How many people watched Illinois v Michigan football match and when?

1924 → 67,000

How many people watched the Dempsey v Tunney boxing match and when?

1926 → 145,000

What achievement did Babe Ruth Have in 1927?

60 home runs

How big were the crowds that AA baseball teams could attract?

30,000

What was one of the issues with baseball leagues?

still segregated / excluded from major teams

What were AA baseball salaries like?

½ than salaries of white players

When and what was the first commerical radio station set up?

KDKA 1920

How many radia stations were there by 1922?

500

What percentage of families owned a radio by 1930?

60%

How many peope listened to the Dempsey and Tunney match 1927?

50mil

What was the 20s know as regarding music?

Jazz-age

Who was jazz music the most popular with?

white middle class youth

How many people visited how many cinemas at its peak?

10 million in 20,000

What was the First sound film?

The Jazz Singer 1927

How did WW1 increase support for immigration restrictions?

anti-german feelings

didn’t want to enter another war

new immigrants = little education and poor labourers

immigrant ghetos began to appear in N. Cities

When was the general strike in seattle?

1919

How many workers were part of 1919 seattle strike?

60,000

What happened in 1919 which worsened the red scare?

36 bombs sent by post

How many cities did the Palmer raids take action in?

33

What did the SC rule regarding the palmer raids?

evidence collected was illegal - couldn’t be used in prosecutions

When was the Immigration/Emergency Quota Act and what was the quota?

1921 - 3% of nationality in 1910

When was the National Origins Act and its quota?

1924 - 2% of nationality in 1890

When was the Immigration Act and what did it do?

1929 - 150,000 immigrants/yr + no Asian