The Great Depression and The New Deal Lecture Review

Vocabulary based flashcards covering the economic boom of the 1920s, the causes of the Great Depression, and the specific programs and critics of FDR's New Deal.

The Great Depression

An economic period following the $1920s$ boom where manufacturing grew by $60\%$ and per capita grew by $1/3$, eventually resulting in $13$ million Americans becoming unemployed.

Stock Market Crash of 1929

An event described as the "Canary in the coal mine" and a catalyst for the Great Depression, characterized by a flood of orders and "Cm" shares sold in October.

The Federal Reserve's Credit Expansion

A cause of the Great Depression where the FED tried to manipulate the economic boom while people were spending more and saving less.

Bank Run

A situation where a bank runs out of money because customers withdraw deposits; banks typically lend $90\%$ and keep only $10\%$ of capital.

Smoot-Hawley Tariff

A $1930$ tariff signed by Hoover that covered over $20,000$ products and raised import rates to the highest level in nation's history, causing exports to fall from $5.5$ billion in $1929$ to $1.7$ billion in $1932$.

Hooverville

A shanty town built by poor people during the Great Depression, named after President Hoover.

The Three R's

The core goals of Franklin Roosevelt's New Deal: Relief, Recovery, and Reform.

Bank Holiday

A week-long bank closure declared by FDR on March $4$, $1933$ to prevent bank runs.

Alphabet Soup Agencies

The collective name for the numerous government agencies created during FDR's first $100$ days in office.

Fireside Chats

Radio broadcasts by FDR where he told citizens it was safer to keep money in a reopened bank then "under your mattress."

Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC)

An agency that provided employment to millions of young men on environmental projects.

Agriculture Adjustment Administration (AAA)

A New Deal program where the government paid farmers to not farm all of their land.

Schecter poultry Corp V U.S.

The "Sick Chicken" case of $1935$ where the Supreme Court ruled that New Deal programs represented unlawful government interference with private property.

Revenue Act of 1935

Legislation also known as the "Soak the rich tax."

The Black Cabinet

A group of advisors that influenced political shifts; by $1936$, $90\%$ of Black Americans voted Democratic.

The Tousend Plan

A $1935$ pension plan proposed by Dr. Frans Tousend that served as a precursor of Social Security.

Huey Long

A critic of the New Deal who proposed the "Share the Wealth" program.

Frances Perkins

The Secretary of Labor who served from $1933$ to $1945$.