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Ap Government Unit 2:Executive Branch and Beurocracy Study Guide
Ap Government Unit 2:Executive Branch and Beurocracy Study Guide
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48 Terms
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Qualifications to be President
Must be a natural-born citizen of the U.S., at least 35 years old, and a resident in the U.S. for at least 14 years.
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Impeachment Process
House of Representatives votes to impeach (simple majority); Senate holds a trial and votes to convict (two-thirds majority required).
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20th Amendment
Changes inauguration date to January 20th.
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22nd Amendment
Limits the president to two terms.
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25th Amendment
Addresses presidential succession and disability.
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Department of State
The oldest department, established in 1789.
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Department of the Treasury
Another oldest department, established in 1789.
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Attorney General
Title of the leader of the Department of Justice.
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Control of the Bureaucracy
Presidents control it by appointing agency heads, issuing executive orders, and proposing budgets.
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National Security Council (NSC)
Advises the President on national security and foreign policies.
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War Powers Resolution
Limits the President's ability to send troops into combat without Congressional approval for 60 days.
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Executive Agreements
International agreements made by the President without Senate approval.
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Executive Orders
Directives issued by the President to manage the federal government.
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Office of Management and Budget (OMB)
Assists the President in preparing the federal budget and supervising its administration.
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Council of Economic Advisors (CEA)
Provides economic advice to the President.
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Mandatory Spending
Required by law spending, such as Social Security and Medicare.
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Discretionary Spending
Subject to annual appropriation, such as defense and education.
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Pocket Veto
When the President does not sign a bill within 10 days and Congress is adjourned.
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Role of the First Lady
Varies by individual, often focuses on social issues and public advocacy.
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Chief Executive
Presidential role involving administering laws and appointing officials.
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Chief Legislator
Presidential role involving recommending legislation and vetoing bills.
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Chief Diplomat
Presidential role involving negotiating treaties and meeting with foreign leaders.
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Commander in Chief
Presidential role leading the military.
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Bureaucracy
A system of managing government through departments run by appointed officials.
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Benefits of the Bureaucracy
Efficiency in managing large-scale operations, expertise and specialization, and continuity and stability.
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Criticisms of the Bureaucracy
Red tape and inefficiency, lack of accountability, and resistance to change.
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Spoils System
Jobs given based on political loyalty.
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Merit System
Jobs awarded based on qualifications and performance.
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Pendleton Act
Established the Civil Service Commission and marked the beginning of the merit system.
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Number of Cabinet Positions
There are 15 cabinet positions.
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Independent Executive Agencies
Agencies such as NASA and EPA.
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Bureaucrat
Government officials who implement and administer laws and policies.
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Growth of the Bureaucracy
Increased complexity of society and government functions, expansion of federal programs and services.
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Congressional Influence on Bureaucracy
Through appropriations, budget control, oversight, and legislation.
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Iron Triangle
A close relationship between an agency, a congressional committee, and an interest group.
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White House Office
Presidential staff overseeing the policy interests of the president.
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Issue Network
An alliance of interest groups promoting a single issue.
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Quasi-Legislative Powers
Agencies that create regulations.
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Quasi-Judicial Powers
Agencies that adjudicate disputes.
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Executive Agreement
An agreement between the president and another head of state that doesn’t require Senate approval.
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Electoral College Votes
Each state gets a number of electoral votes equal to its total Senators and Representatives.
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Swing States
States where both major political parties have similar levels of support.
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Electoral College - Best Argument For
Preserves federalism and ensures representation of smaller states.
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Electoral College - Best Argument Against
The risk of 'faithless electors' who don't vote according to their state's popular vote.
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Presidential Actions Requiring Senate Approval
Treaties, Supreme Court appointments, and high-level federal appointments.
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Divided Government
When the presidency and one or both houses of Congress are controlled by different parties.
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Cabinet Department with Most Employees
The Department of Defense.
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Hatch Act
Prohibits federal employees from engaging in certain political activities.