Biology unit review

5 characteristics of life

DNA, cells, homeostasis, lifecycle, metabolism

Cell theory (3)

All organisms are composed of cells, cells are functional units of life, all cells come from preexisting cells

What 4 structures do all cells have

Cell membrane, cytoplasms, ribosome, DNA

autotrophic kingdoms

Plantae, Protista, archaebacteria, eubacteria

heterotrophic kingdoms

Animalia, fungi, protista, archae/eu bacteria

What do plant cells have that animal cells do not

Chloroplast and cell wall

Difference between scientific hypothesis and a scientific theory

Hypothesis-prediction for a test

Theory-a well tested broad unifying explanation

Experiment that disproves the theory of spontaneous generation

Pasteurs "Swan-neck" flask, shows that they don't spawn out of nowhere

Cell wall

Provides support/protection for certain cell types

Cell membrane

Controls which molecules go into/pit of the cell

Nucleus

Protects/contain DNA

Nucleolus

Found inside the nucleus and produces ribosomes

Mitochondria

Powerhouse of the cell, where cellular respiration happen, also produces ATP (energy)

Chloroplast

Where photosynthesis occurs

Ribosome

Where proteins are made (protein synthesis)

ER (Rough and smooth)

Where protein are processed (main diff rough have ribosomes attached)

Golgi

Where protein are packaged, sorted, shipped within/out of the cell

Cytoplasm

Water based medium where chemical reactions occur

large central vacuole

Stores water and helps give shape to the cell

Biology

Study of life

Biogenesis

development of life from preexisting life

Abiogenesis

spontaneous generation

Spontaneous generation

the mistaken idea that living things can arise from nonliving sources

Homeostasis

process by which organisms maintain a relatively stable internal environment

Metabolism

All of the chemical reactions that occur within an organism (provide energy for vital processes)

Cell respiration

the process in cells in which oxygen is used to release stored energy by breaking down sugar molecules. (Turns glucose into energy/ATP)

Heredity

Passing of traits from parents to offspring

Adaptation

A trait that helps an organism survive and reproduce

Prokaryote

unicellular organism that lacks a nucleus

Eukaryote

organism whose cells contain a nucleus

Autotroph

An organism that makes its own food

Heterotroph

An organism that cannot make its own food.

Unicellular

Made of a single cell

Multicellular

made of many cells

Smallest to largest (just to organ system)

Subatomic particle, atom, molecule, organelle, cells, tissues, organ, organ system

Genes

Section of DNA that contain instructions for building molecules (protein)

Where do plant cells have DNA that animal cells don't

Chloroplast

What 3 molecules can travel through the cell membrane

Oxygen, water, carbon dioxide