2026 Jeppesen General Oral

What is the result of adding a large positive number and a smaller negative number?

The result is a smaller positive number.

How do you convert a fraction into a decimal?

Divide the numerator by the denominator.

What must be found to add or subtract unlike fractions?

The lowest common denominator.

How do you divide one fraction by another?

Invert the divisor and multiply the numerators and denominators.

How can you convert a decimal into a percent?

Multiply by 100 and add the percent sign.

How do you convert a fraction into a percent?

Convert it to a decimal, move the decimal point two places to the right, and add the percent sign.

How do you change a decimal into the nearest equivalent fraction?

Multiply the decimal by the desired denominator to get the numerator.

What are two different ways to express a ratio?

As a fraction or by using a colon (:) or the word 'to'.

What is a proportion?

A statement of equality between two or more ratios.

What is meant by the root of a number?

Two or more equal smaller numbers that multiply to equal the specified number.

How do you find the square of a number?

Multiply the number by itself.

What is a common method for managing large or small numbers?

Convert to scientific notation using powers of 10.

How is 100,000 expressed as a power of 10?

10^5.

What is the formula for the area of a rectangle?

A = L x W.

What is the formula for the area of a triangle?

A = 1/2 (B x H).

What is Pi?

A constant approximately equal to 3.1416 that relates circumference to diameter.

Describe a trapezoid.

A closed, four-sided figure with two parallel sides.

What is the formula for computing the area of a circle?

A = πr².

What is matter?

Any substance that occupies space and has mass.

What are the three states of matter?

Solid, liquid, and gas.

What is kinetic energy?

The energy of motion.

What are the two factors of work?

Force and distance moved.

What are the parts of a lever?

A rigid bar and a pivot point called the fulcrum.

What class of lever is a wheelbarrow?

A second-class lever.

Are all states of matter affected by thermal expansion?

Yes, with gases being affected the most.

What is a British Thermal Unit?

The heat energy required to change the temperature of 1 pound of water by 1 degree Fahrenheit.

What are the three methods of heat transfer?

Conduction, convection, and radiation.

What is absolute zero?

The temperature at which all molecular motion ceases.

Can liquids be compressed?

No, liquids are generally considered incompressible.

What units express hydraulic or pneumatic pressure in the U.S.?

Pounds per square inch.

How is pressure transmitted in a confined liquid?

Equally in all directions.

What formula expresses the relationship between force, pressure, and area?

Force equals area times pressure.

What is the approximate speed of sound at sea level?

661 knots or 340 meters per second.

What is the atmospheric pressure at sea level?

29.92 inches of Mercury or 1013.2 millibars.

What is the standard temperature at sea level?

59°F or 15°C.

What factors determine density altitude?

Temperature and atmospheric pressure.

What is the term used to describe the ratio between the amount of moisture actually present in the atmosphere as compared to the amount the air could if it were completely saturated?

Relative humidity

What are the four principal forces acting on an airplane in flight?

Lift, drag, thrust, and gravity.

What is the angle of attack?

The angle between the relative wind and the chord line of an airfoil.

What causes an airplane wing to stall?

When the angle of attack exceeds a critical value and airflow separates from the upper surface.

What are the effects of lowering the flaps during flight?

Lift increases, drag increases, and stall speed decreases.

What is the function of a wing-mounted vortex generator?

To delay airflow separation from the upper surface of a wing during high-speed flight.

How does blade-flapping compensate for dissymmetry of lift in helicopters?

It increases lift on the retreating blade and decreases lift on the advancing blade.

How does airflow change during the transition from normal flight to autorotation in helicopters?

Air moves downward during normal flight and upward during autorotation.

What is friction?

The opposition to relative motion between two objects in contact.

What is the opposition to relative motion between two objects in contact called?

Friction

One kilowatt is equal to how many watts?

1,000 watts

What law describes the most fundamental relationships in an electrical circuit?

Ohm's law

What are the three elements of Ohm's law?

Voltage, current, and resistance

How would you write Ohm's law as an equation?

E = I x R, R = E ÷ I, I = E ÷ R

If the resistance in a DC circuit remains the same but the voltage doubles, what happens to the current?

It also doubles

In DC circuits, what unit measures power?

Watts

What three elements are required to form an electrical circuit?

A source of electrical energy, a load or resistance, and wires or conductors

What are the three forms of DC circuits?

Series, parallel, and complex (or series-parallel)

How many cells does a 24-volt lead-acid battery have?

Twelve

What is the specific gravity range of a fully charged lead-acid battery?

1.275 and 1.300

When must you apply a correction to the specific gravity reading of a lead-acid battery?

When the temperature is less than 70°F or more than 90°F

Why should nickel-cadmium and lead-acid batteries be stored separately?

Their electrolytes are chemically opposite and fumes can contaminate each other

Why can't the state of charge of a nickel-cadmium battery be determined by specific gravity?

There is no significant change in specific gravity as the battery is charged or discharged

What is the principal advantage of AC current over DC current?

Power can be transmitted over long distances more efficiently

What are the three causes of opposition to current flow in an AC circuit?

Resistance, inductive reactance, and capacitive reactance

What is inductance?

An induced voltage which is opposite in direction to the applied voltage

What component creates capacitance in AC circuits?

A capacitor

How does a capacitor store electricity?

In the form of an electrostatic charge or field between two conductors

What is impedance in an AC circuit?

The total opposition to current flow

What might cause a nickel-cadmium battery to fail to deliver its rated capacity?

Faulty cells or cell imbalance

What electrical values are measured by a typical multimeter?

Voltage, current, and resistance

How many views are required to represent the important details of most aircraft parts?

One, two, or three views

What kinds of parts can be represented by one-view drawings?

Parts with uniform thickness such as shims, plates, and gaskets

What is a detailed view in a drawing?

A part of a drawing used to bring out important details, usually drawn to a larger scale

What is the purpose of schematic diagrams?

They are primarily used for troubleshooting systems

What is an orthographic projection?

A way of drawing an object using different views at right angles to each other

Why do manufacturers use symbols on aircraft drawings?

Symbols are shorthand to convey characteristics of a component

How are hidden views shown in drawings?

With hidden lines, which are short, evenly spaced dashes

How can you determine if a drawing has been changed?

A record of changes is listed in a revision block or ruled columns

How are dimensions shown on aircraft drawings?

Dimension lines are usually solid and broken at the midpoint for measurement insertion

What is the difference between an allowance and a tolerance?

Allowance is the difference between nominal dimension and permissible sizes; tolerance is the difference between extreme permissible dimensions

What does clearance mean in aircraft drawings?

An allowable dimension between two parts

What information is found in the title block of an aircraft drawing?

Part or assembly name, drawing size, scale, date, company name, and responsible people's initials

What is contained in a bill of materials?

A list of materials and parts needed to fabricate or assemble the component or system

What undesirable flight characteristic results from exceeding the aft C.G. limit?

The aircraft will be tail-heavy and may be unable to recover from a stall or spin

How would you determine the empty weight and empty weight C.G. if all records for an aircraft are missing?

The aircraft would have to be weighed, and new weight and balance records prepared

What is tare weight?

The weight of anything on the scales that is not part of the aircraft.

How is tare weight handled when weighing an aircraft?

It must be subtracted from the scale weight reading to determine the net weight of the airplane.

How can you determine the effect of added equipment on weight and balance without re-weighing the aircraft?

If the weight and balance records are up to date, a new weight and C.G. location can be determined by computation.

Why is control of the weight and balance of an aircraft important?

To provide maximum safety.

What is the datum of an aircraft?

The datum is an imaginary vertical plane at right angles to the longitudinal axis of the airplane.

What is the function of the datum?

It is the reference point from which all horizontal measurements are taken.

How do you determine the moment of an item of equipment?

The weight of the item is multiplied by its arm, which is the distance between the item and the datum.

What are two ways to determine the arm of an item of equipment?

Measure the distance between the item and the datum, or use data supplied by the manufacturer.

What should be done to obtain a positive moment aft of the datum?

Add weight.

What should be done to obtain a negative moment aft of the datum?

Remove weight.

What should be done to obtain a positive moment forward of the datum?

Remove weight.

What should be done to obtain a negative moment forward of the datum?

Add weight.

How does the category of an aircraft affect its loaded weight?

Aircraft certificated in more than one category may have two different maximum gross weights and different useful loads.

What should you do with equipment not permanently installed before weighing an aircraft?

All equipment not permanently installed should be removed from the aircraft.

Define the term 'residual fuel.'

Any fuel that remains in the tanks, lines, and engines after the system has been drained.

Define the term 'residual oil.'

Any oil that remains in the tanks, lines, and engines after the system has been drained.

How should you account for fuel when weighing an aircraft?

Either drain the fuel system until only unusable fuel remains or fill the tanks full and subtract out the weight of the usable fuel.

Where are leveling instructions found?

Leveling instructions are found in the Type Certificate Data Sheets.