Cloning Bio 105

Clone

A genetic twin with identical DNA sequences.

Embryo

A small collection of unspecialized cells that forms during the early stages of development.

Somatic Cell

A non-reproductive body cell used in cloning.

Nuclear Transfer

A cloning method where the nucleus of a somatic cell is transferred into an egg cell.

Artificial Embryo Twinning

A cloning technique where an early embryo is separated into individual cells that develop into identical individuals.

Surrogate Mother

A female animal that carries developing embryos.

CRISPR

A technology that allows for precise editing of DNA sequences in various organisms.

Transgenic Organism

An organism that contains a gene or genes which have been artificially inserted instead of the organism acquiring them through reproduction.

Gene Editing

The process of altering the genes of an organism to achieve desired traits.

Bacteriophage

A virus that infects and replicates within bacteria.

Stem Cells

Unspecialized cells that have the potential to differentiate into specialized cell types.

Dolly the Sheep

The first mammal cloned from an adult somatic cell.

Cas9

An enzyme used in CRISPR technology to cut DNA at specific locations.

Genetic Diversity

The total number of genetic characteristics in the genetic makeup of a species.

Gene Silencing

A technique used to prevent the expression of a specific gene.

Embryonic Stem Cells

Stem cells derived from early-stage embryos that can develop into any cell type.