Cells Vocabulary

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Last updated 12:19 PM on 8/20/26
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20 Terms

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Cell Membrane

Covers the cell, keeps cytoplasm in, semi-permeable. Controls movement into and out of cell.

<p>Covers the cell, keeps cytoplasm in, semi-permeable. Controls movement into and out of cell.</p>
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Nucleus

Control center: stores DNA, largest and most visible organelle.

<p>Control center: stores DNA, largest and most visible organelle.</p>
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Ribosomes

Read genetic material to make proteins.

<p>Read genetic material to make proteins.</p>
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Endoplasmic Reticulum

Makes lipids and other materials, breaks down hazardous materials, delivery system

<p>Makes lipids and other materials, breaks down hazardous materials, delivery system</p>
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Golgi Apparatus

Packages proteins for shipment within the cell and out of the cell

<p>Packages proteins for shipment within the cell and out of the cell</p>
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Lysosomes

Breaks down and disposes of waste. Commonly found in animal cells, but rare in plant cells.

<p>Breaks down and disposes of waste. Commonly found in animal cells, but rare in plant cells.</p>
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Mitochondria

Makes ATP for cell from sugar, ATP is the cell's energy

<p>Makes ATP for cell from sugar, ATP is the cell's energy</p>
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Chloroplast

Contains chlorophyll, uses sunlight to make sugar through photosynthesis. Found in plant cells.

<p>Contains chlorophyll, uses sunlight to make sugar through photosynthesis. Found in plant cells.</p>
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Vacuole

Stores water and other liquids, plants have large vacuoles

<p>Stores water and other liquids, plants have large vacuoles</p>
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Cell Wall

Hard outer-covering, provides strength and support to cell membrane. Found in prokaryotes, plants, fungi, and come protists. Not found in animal cells.

<p>Hard outer-covering, provides strength and support to cell membrane. Found in prokaryotes, plants, fungi, and come protists. Not found in animal cells.</p>
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Robert Hooke

(1665) built a microscope and looked at cork from a plant. He described the cork as looking like hundreds of boxes, and named these boxes as cells

<p>(1665) built a microscope and looked at cork from a plant. He described the cork as looking like hundreds of boxes, and named these boxes as cells</p>
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Anton van Leeuwenhoek

(1675) built a microscope to look at pond water. He saw many small creatures swimming around and name them animalcules, which means little animals. He was likely the first person to see living cells. He also was the first person to see bacteria.

<p>(1675) built a microscope to look at pond water. He saw many small creatures swimming around and name them animalcules, which means little animals. He was likely the first person to see living cells. He also was the first person to see bacteria.</p>
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Matthias Schleiden

(1838) Bontanist who made the observation and conclusion that all plant parts are made of cells. He came to this conclusion after looking at thousands of plant slides and reading about other scientists' research.

<p>(1838) Bontanist who made the observation and conclusion that all plant parts are made of cells. He came to this conclusion after looking at thousands of plant slides and reading about other scientists' research.</p>
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Theodor Schwann

(1839) Zoologist who stated that all animal tissues are made of cells. He concluded this after studying numerous animals under the microscope.

<p>(1839) Zoologist who stated that all animal tissues are made of cells. He concluded this after studying numerous animals under the microscope.</p>
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Rudolf Virchow

(1858) pathologist saw that cells could not develop from anything except other cells. "Cells come from existing cells"

<p>(1858) pathologist saw that cells could not develop from anything except other cells. "Cells come from existing cells"</p>
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Cell Theory

A. Organisms are composed of one or more cells. (Schwann & Schleiden)

B. Cells are living thing's most basic unit of structure and function. (Schwann & Schleiden)

C. All cells come from cells. (Virchow)

<p>A. Organisms are composed of one or more cells. (Schwann &amp; Schleiden)</p><p>B. Cells are living thing's most basic unit of structure and function. (Schwann &amp; Schleiden)</p><p>C. All cells come from cells. (Virchow)</p>
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Prokaryotic Cell

Simple cells (bacteria). Have no nucleus, no membrane covered organelles, and circular DNA.

<p>Simple cells (bacteria). Have no nucleus, no membrane covered organelles, and circular DNA.</p>
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Eukaryotic Cell

Complex cells (plants, animals, fungi, and protists). Have a nucleus, membrane covered organelles, and linear DNA.

<p>Complex cells (plants, animals, fungi, and protists). Have a nucleus, membrane covered organelles, and linear DNA.</p>
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Nucleolus

Found inside the nucleus and has information for producing ribosomes

<p>Found inside the nucleus and has information for producing ribosomes</p>
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Chromosomes

Bundles of linear DNA and proteins, found within the nucleus of eukaryotic cells.

<p>Bundles of linear DNA and proteins, found within the nucleus of eukaryotic cells.</p>