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What percent of a presentation does the Intro make up?
10%
What percent of a presentation does the Body make up?
85%
What percent of a presentation does the Conclusion make up?
5%
What should be included in the Intro?
capture attention of the audience, establish credibility, relate material to audience, announce topic, preview main points
What should be included in the Body?
supporting evidence and research
What should be included in the Conclusion?
restate thesis and main points, end with clincher
How do I answer questions I don't know?
be honest- ask if anyone in the audience knows the answer or say you'll research it and get back to them
How do I answer questions I know?
listen to entire question, be direct and concise, repeat the question
How can a speaker enhance credibility?
provide experiences, qualifications, educational background
How can a speaker not enhance credibility?
offending audience while making credibility statement
What is Ethos?
appeal to credibility
Example of Ethos?
As a doctor, I am qualified to tell you that this course of treatment will likely generate the best results.
What is Pathos?
appeal to emotion
Example of Pathos?
You'll make the right decision because you have something that not many people do: you have heart.
What is Logos?
appeal to logic
Example of Logos?
You should not do drugs, they harm your health.
What is an Informative Presentation?
Presentation with a goal to inform the audience that an issue exists
What is an Explanative Presentation?
Presentation that deepens the understanding someone has of a topic
Why are visual aids important?
Increases clarity and retention, increases effectiveness in both the speaker and the presentation
Why are visual aids used?
They increase audience understanding of information
what are the four types of visual aids?
Pie chart, bar chart, and line chart
Pie Chart
used when comparing parts of a whole or percentages of the total
Bar chart
Used when making comparisons among different types of items to allow for easy visual ranking across items in a category
Line chart
Used for comparing charges over time in a set of data to examine trends
What are fallacies?
errors in logic
Straw person
when you ignore or misrepresent a person's position
EX: A biology teacher says that all things evolve, a student then says that humans could not have evolved from bugs
Red herring
when you use irrelevant topics to distract from the main topic EX: Mom gets phone bill and you've gone over your limit so you tell her about your math test
Slippery slope
some action will result in a chain of events that lead to a specific outcome EX: if you allow a student to redo a test, they will want to redo every assignment
Ad hominem
Irrelevant attacks are targeted towards a person or group instead of their argument EX: Lawyer attacks defendant's character instead of crime
False analogy
When 2 cases are not sufficiently parallel EX: Children are like dogs so they should go to the vet
Directional transition
Let the audience know you are moving to a new topic EX: next, then, thus
Signpost transition
Numerical indications of the main body points EX: First of all..., Secondly...
Internal preview
Preview material within the body EX: Next we'll look at..., Then we will focus on...
Internal summary
a short review statement given at the end of a main point
Eye-contact
Engages and includes the audience
Vocal variety
Variations in rate, force, and pitch
Chronological
Pattern that arranges material based on time EX: how to do a series of actions
Problem-solution
states a problem and suggests one or more solutions EX: Littering is a problem that can be fixed by...
Spatial
Shows relationship between material geographically or directionally EX: Foods in the US
Topical
Divides topic into set of main points that are logical and consistent EX: Major contributions to iPhone
Casual
Shows cause-effect relationship EX:Global warming is caused by pollution which is caused by car emissions.
Informative speaking
Presentation that enhances the understanding
Persuasive speaking
Presentation that changes, creates, or reinforces an attitude, belief, or behavior
Efficacy
Ability to get your point across
How do you orally cite a source?
You should state the dates in which the information from your sources were published, posted, accessed, interviewed, or released
Impromptu delivery
Little or no preparation
Manuscript delivery
Write out entire speech and read it directly
Memorized delivery
Speech is written, and then memorized word for word
Extemporaneous deliver
Prepare and practice, given from an outline
Types of gestures
Adapters, emblems, descriptors/illustrators, emphatics
Adaptors
Used when you feel anxious or uncomfortable
Emblems
Have specific meaning EX: thumbs up
Descriptors/Illustrators
Used to convey words that are spoken EX: showing size of something
Emphatics
Add emphasis EX: hitting a table to show anger
Question of fact
What is true or false EX: Were they driving too fast that they couldn't control their car or just that they upset other drivers?
Question of value
Argues that positions are good or bad, etc. EX: Do they deserve this punishment?
Question of policy
Targets behaviors, or what we should or should not be doing - as an individual, community, or even a nation EX: Should this be legal or not?
To inform
Purpose that describes, explains, or demonstrates something
To persuade
Influences attitudes, beliefs, or behaviors
To entertain
Has the audience relax, smile, and enjoy the occasion
Elevator pitch
Very concise presentation of an idea covering all of its critical aspects, and delivered within a few seconds
Self-Plagiarism
Copying material you have previously produced and passing it off as a new production
How is content organized in the outline?
Transitions
Main points
Subpoints
Sub-subpoints
Equal support
Coordination
Statistics
Numerical data
Testimony
Quotations or paraphrases used to support a point
Examples
Specific instances that illustrate or explain a general factual statement
Inoculation theory
Beliefs are more vulnerable if never faced challenge
