Chapter 17: The Citric Acid Cycle

Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex

Multi-enzyme complex that catalyzes the conversion of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA

Acetyl-CoA

2 carbon molecule that enters the Citric Acid Cycle after pyruvate is oxidatively decarboxylated

Oxaloacetate

4 carbon molecule that combines with acetyl-CoA to form citrate in the 1st step of the Citric Acid Cycle

Citrate

6 carbon molecule formed by the condensation of acetyl-CoA & oxaloacetate at the start of the Citric Acid Cycle

Isocitrate

A stereoisomer of citrate that is formed after the isomerization of citrate in the Citric Acid Cycle

A-Ketoglutarate

5 carbon molecule formed from isocitrate through an oxidative decarboxylation step in the Citric Acid Cycle

Succinyl-CoA

4 carbon molecule formed from A-ketoglutarate, which is later converted to succinate in the Citric Acid Cycle

Arsenic Poisoning

Condition caused by arsenic compounds inhibiting the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, disrupting cell respiration

Succinate

4 carbon molecule formed from succinyl-CoA during the Citric Acid Cycle, which is later oxidized to fumarate

Trans-Fumarate

A product of the conversion of succinate to fumarate during the Citric Acid Cycle

L-malate

4 carbon molecule formed from fumarate during the Citric Acid Cycle, which is then oxidized to oxaloacetate

Oxidative Decarboxylation

A biochemical process where a molecule is oxidized & a CO2 is removed. Occurs in several steps of the Citric Acid Cycle

FADH2

A reduced electron carrier molecule that is produced during the Citric Acid Cycle & later contributes to ATP production in oxidative phosphorylation

Nucleoside Diphosphate Kinase

An enzyme that facilitates the exchange of high-energy phosphate groups between nucleoside triphosphates during metabolic processess

Oxidative Phosphorylation

The process by which ATP is produced through the electron transport chain & chemiosmosis, utilizing electrons from NADH & FADH2