Aristotle on Ethics

These flashcards summarize key concepts from Aristotle's moral philosophy as presented in the lecture notes.

What is the primary focus of Aristotle's Nicomachean Ethics?

The exploration of human virtue and happiness.

What is eudaimonia in Aristotle's ethics?

Eudaimonia is often translated as 'flourishing' or 'well-being' and is considered the ultimate goal of human life.

How does Aristotle define virtue (arete)?

Virtue is the excellence of character that can be developed through right actions in various situations.

What is the distinction between instrumental and intrinsic goods?

Instrumental goods are desired for the sake of something else, while intrinsic goods are desired for their own sake.

What does the term telos mean in Aristotle's ethics?

Telos refers to purpose or goal, suggesting that everything, including human actions, has a purpose.

What role does rationality play in human telos according to Aristotle?

Rationality distinguishes humans from plants and animals, and it guides individuals toward their purpose.

What does the Golden Mean represent in Aristotle's ethical framework?

The Golden Mean suggests that virtue lies between two extremes—excess and deficiency, emphasizing balance in ethical behavior.

What are the two types of virtues described by Aristotle?

Intellectual virtues involve reasoning and understanding, while moral virtues are related to character and actions.

What is practical wisdom (phronesis)?

Phronesis is the ability to apply moral virtues appropriately in every situation, allowing for right decisions and actions.

What are the three types of friendship according to Aristotle?

Friendship of Utility, Friendship of Pleasure, and Friendship of Excellence (Virtuous Friendship).

Can you name a principal virtue and describe its corresponding vice?

Courage is a principal virtue; its deficiency is cowardice, and its excess is rashness.

How does Aristotle define ethics in relation to friendship?

Ethics is fundamentally based on friendship, signifying the importance of relationships in moral considerations.

What is the practical application of patience for a teacher according to Aristotle's ethics?

A teacher must balance patience with students' challenges while being friendly to foster a supportive learning environment.