Perspective to Pharmacy (PHARM 11) Vocabulary Flashcards

A detailed set of vocabulary flashcards based on the PHARM 11 lecture notes covering the historical evolution of pharmacy, notable historical figures, literature classifications, ethical principles, Philippine laws, and professional pharmacy organizations.

Pharmacy

The profession concerned with the art and science of preparing drugs either from natural or synthetic sources in a suitable and convenient dosage form for administration of treatment, and prevention of diseases both of man and animals.

Pharmakon

Greek word meaning medicine, drug, magic spell, remedy, or poison.

Traditional Era (1900-1930)

An era of pharmacy practice focused on formulating and dispensing drugs derived from natural sources.

Scientific Era (1930-1960)

An era of pharmacy practice characterized by the development of new drugs, scientific testing, and mass production of synthetic drugs and antibiotics.

Clinical Era (1960-1990)

An era where pharmacists were expected to dispense drug information, warnings, advice, and suggestions to patients.

Pharmaceutical Care Era

The current era of pharmacy practice focused on ensuring positive outcomes for drug-related therapies.

Pharmaceutical Care

Involves taking direct responsibility for patients and their disease states, medications, and the management of each in order to improve the outcome for individual patients.

Asipu

A magical healer in ancient Babylonia who relied far more on spells and magical stones than on plant materials.

Asu

An empirical healer in ancient Babylonia who manipulated a large collection of drugs into dosage forms such as suppositories, pills, washes, enemas, and ointments.

Hippocrates

Known as the Father of Medicine; he shifted the concept of medicine from magical to rational.

Rhizotomoi

A group of experts in medicinal plants before, during, and after the time of Hippocrates.

Diocles of Carystus

A 4th century BC figure considered the source for all Greek pharmacotherapeutic treatises between the time of Theophrastus and Dioscorides.

De Materia Medica

A five-volume work written by Pedanios Dioscorides in the 1st century AD concerning medical substances that served as the basis for many medieval texts.

Bowl of Hygeia

The modern official symbol of pharmacy originating from Hygeia, daughter of Asklepios, holding a bowl entwined by a serpent.

Terra Sigillata

An early trademarked drug made of clay tablets originating from the Mediterranean island of Lemnos before 500 B.C.

Shen Nung

Known as the Father of Chinese medicine (about 2000 B.C.); an emperor who investigated hundreds of herbs and authored the Pen T-Sao.

Pen T-Sao

The Chinese Materia Medica written by Shen Nung containing nearly 365 herbal drugs.

Echelon

Drug gatherers in ancient Egypt.

Papyrus Ebers

The oldest preserved medical document from 1500 BC, containing a collection of 800 prescriptions mentioning 700 drugs.

Charaka Samhita

An ancient Indian medical text published by Acharya Charaka containing a comprehensive list of medicinal plants.

Antidotaria

Traditional Latin compilations similar to dispensatories that contain lists of drugs.

Receptaria

Traditional Latin compilations serving as modest formularies that list drug ingredients and compound preparation procedures.

Magna Carta of Pharmacy

Official edicts issued in 1231 by Emperor Frederick II of Germany that formally separated the practice of Pharmacy from Medicine.

Novo Receptario

The first official pharmacopoeia written in Italian, published in Florence in 1498 as the legal standard for apothecaries.

Louis Hebert

A young Parisian apothecary who helped build New France's first settlement at Port Royal (Canada), cultivated native drug plants, and supervised gardens.

Christopher Marshall

Known as The Fighting Quaker; an Irish immigrant who established an apothecary store in Philadelphia in 1729.

Elizabeth Marshall

The daughter of Christopher Marshall and the first woman American Pharmacist.

Andrew Craigie

A Bostonian apothecary who became America's first Apothecary General.

Carl Wilhelm Scheele

Known as the Father of Modern Plant Chemistry; discovered oxygen, chlorine, prussic acid, tartaric acid, tungsten, molybdenum, glycerin, and nitroglycerin.

William Procter Jr.

Known as the Father of American Pharmacy; graduated from the Philadelphia College of Pharmacy in 1837 and served as the first Secretary of the APA.

Theophrastus

Known as the Father of Botany (about 300 BC); an early Greek philosopher and natural scientist who accurately documented the peculiarities of herbs.

Paracelsus

Philippus Aureolus Theophrastus Bombastus von Hohenheim; a key advocate of chemically prepared drugs from plant and mineral substances and proponent of the Doctrine of Signature.

Doctrine of Signature

The belief that God placed physical signs on healing substances to indicate their specific usage against disease (e.g., liverwort resembling a liver for liver ailments).

Galenicals

Principles of preparing and compounding medicines formulated by Galen, which ruled the Western world for 1500 years.

Avicenna

Known as the Persian Galen (Ibn Sina, 980-1037); an Arabian-era pharmacist, poet, philosopher, and diplomat.

Damian and Cosmas

Twin brothers who serve as Patron Saints for Pharmacy and Medicine (Damian - apothecary; Cosmas - physician).

Mithridates VI

King of Pontus (100 BC) who developed the art of preventing and counteracting poisoning by testing substances on himself and prisoners.

Friedrich Wilhelm Adam Sertürner

A German apothecary who discovered morphine, opium's chief narcotic principle, and introduced alkaloids.

Stanislas Limousin

A French retail pharmacist who invented the medicine dropper, wafer cachets, glass ampoules, and a system for coloring poisons.

Don Leon Ma. Guerrero

Known as the Father of Philippine Pharmacy; the first Filipino to study pharmacy and one of the first graduates of UST.

Botica Boie

The first drugstore in the Philippines, founded by Dr. Lorenzo Negrao at Old Escolta.

Primary Literature

The most current source of information providing details of research methodology and original scientific results (e.g., research journals, theses).

Secondary Literature

Indexing and abstracting services that help locate and summarize primary literature.

Tertiary Literature

General reference sources such as textbooks, handbooks, and encyclopedias used to provide background information or refresh existing knowledge.

Republic Act No. 5921

The Pharmacy Law signed on June 23, 1969, which regulated the practice of pharmacy and standards of pharmaceutical education in the Philippines.

Republic Act No. 10918

The Philippine Pharmacy Act of 2016 (Revised Pharmacy Law).

Republic Act No. 6675

The Generics Law of 1988, which promotes, requires, and ensures the supply and usage of drugs identified by generic names.

Republic Act No. 8203

Special Law on Counterfeit Drugs, approved on September 4, 1996, which prohibits counterfeit drugs and sets penalties for violations.

Republic Act No. 9165

The Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs Act of 2002.

Republic Act No. 9502

Universally Accessible Cheaper and Quality Medicines Act of 2008.

Republic Act No. 9711

Food and Drug Administration Act of 2009, which strengthened and renamed the BFAD to the FDA.

Autonomy

A biomedical ethics principle representing personal liberty, where an individual is free to choose and implement their own decisions without coercion.

Veracity

A biomedical ethics principle that binds both the practitioner and patient in an association of truth.

Beneficence

A biomedical ethics principle requiring actions that promote good, provide benefit, and prevent or remove harm to the sick.

Non-maleficence

A biomedical ethics principle meaning never to use treatment to injure or wrong the sick, maximizing good while minimizing harm.

Role Fidelity

The ethical principle requiring healthcare professionals to practice faithfully within the constraints of their role and remain loyal to patients.

Philippine Pharmacists Association (PPhA)

The first national pharmaceutical organization in the Philippines, organized on August 20, 1920, and accredited by the PRC.