APHUG Module 1 Vocabulary

@ Jannace - SEHS - '24 (P4)

geography

where things are, why they're there and how they got there

human geography

studies how human activity affects or is influenced by Earth's surface

globalization

the process by which businesses and other organizations develop international influence or start operation on an international scale

sustainability

the group of practices that meet the needs of the present without compromising future generations ability to meet their needs

gender

a general term for the ways in which a society defines the differences between males and females

global citizen

a person who is aware of and understands the wider world and his/her place in it

culture

shared practices, techniques, attitudes and behaviors that a society transmits from one generation to the next

infrastructure

basic physical and organizational structures and facilities needed for the operation of a society

geographic literacy

general understanding of the geographic forces at work in the world

irrigation

process of harvesting water

spatial relationships

connections between two places

spatial representation

how those connections are demonstrated (ie. maps, charts, graphs)

map

2-D flat representation of a geographical area

cartographer

a person who makes maps

data aggregation

the process of collecting and organizing large amounts of information

spatial perspective

the placement or arrangement of objects on Earth's surface; also includes the space

time-distance decay

first law of geography; the idea that things nearby are more related than distant things, and interaction between two places decrease as they get further apart

map symbols

graphic elements that help organize the information in a map

legend

a key to the meaning of the symbols and colors on a map

compass rose

shows the four cardinal directions and map orientation

absolute direction

directions on a compass (NESW)

map scale

distance on a map in relation to the distance in actual space

scale

the territorial extent of an idea/object

absolute distance

the distance that can be measured with a standard unit of length

relative distance

a measurement of the level of social, cultural or economic similarity between places despite their absolute distance from each other

relative direction

direction described as position (left, right, forward, behind)

elevation

distance above sea level

isoline

a line that connects or links to different places that store a common or equal value

topographic map

a graphic representation of the 3-D configuration of Earth's surface

reference maps

an informational map that shows geographic locations on Earth's surface

thematic maps

a type of map that emphasizes the spatial patterns of geographic statistics or attributes and sometimes the relationship between them

choropleth maps

a thematic map that shows data aggregated for a specific geographic area, often using different colors to represent different values

proportional or graduated circle maps

a map that uses symbols (dots or circles) of different sizes to represent numerical values

dot density or dot distribution maps

a map that uses dots to represent objects or counts

map projection

the Earth's surface on a 2-D surface

Mercator Projection

a map projection useful for navigation because the lines connecting points on the map represent the true compass direction

Peters Projection

a map projection that shows all land masses with their true areas but distorts their shape

Goode Homolosine Projection

a map projection that avoids shape distortion and the restrictions of a rectangle map by creating “interrupts” in maps “continually"; map projection shown equally

Polar Projection

a map projection that looks down at Earth from the perspective of one of the poles

Robinson Projection

a map projection that attempts to create the most visually appealing representation of Earth by keeping all types of distortion relatively low over most of the map (typical map)