Clinical Methods Quiz 2

Phonological Disorder

A difficulty in learning and applying the rules of the sound system of a language, leading to issues organizing speech sounds according to phonological rules.

Articulation Disorder

Difficulty in physically producing specific speech sounds due to motor-based issues, impacting sound formation due to coordination challenges with speech organs.

Example of Phonological Disorder

A child consistently replacing /k/ sounds with /t/ (e.g., saying 'tat' instead of 'cat').

Example of Articulation Disorder

A child who cannot correctly pronounce the /r/ sound but follows phonological rules (e.g., saying 'wabbit' instead of 'rabbit').

ASHA Definition of Speech Sound Disorders

An umbrella term for difficulties with perception, motor production, and/or phonological representation of speech sounds that impact intelligibility.

Delay vs. Disorder

Delay: Typical order of skills at a slower rate. Disorder: Atypical development including unusual error patterns not seen in typical cases.

Example of Speech Delay

A 3-year-old who simplifies clusters (e.g., saying 'poon' for 'spoon').

Example of Speech Disorder

A 4-year-old who consistently omits final consonants in all words.

Importance of Differentiating Delay and Disorder

Proper diagnosis affects treatment planning, prognosis, and eligibility for services.

Speech Delay

Affects the production of sounds.

Language Delay

Affects vocabulary, sentence structure, and comprehension.

Impact of Language Delay on Speech Development

Limited vocabulary may delay phoneme acquisition, reducing opportunities for speech practice.

Qualities of Voice in Disorders

Pitch, Loudness, Quality.

Causes of Voice Disorders

Functional (vocal misuse), Organic (structural abnormalities), Emotional (psychological factors).

Goal of Voice Treatment

To help clients produce a voice of the best possible pitch, loudness, and quality.

Social Stories

Short, structured narratives that describe situations to improve social understanding.

Author of the Social Story Method

Carol Gray.

Elements of Effective Social Stories

Descriptive sentences, perspective sentences, and directive sentences.

AAC

Any method of communication other than speech used to supplement or replace spoken language.

Aided AAC

Uses tools like speech-generating devices or communication boards.

Unaided AAC

Uses body-based communication like gestures or sign language.

Factors in AAC Evaluation

Communication needs, cognitive abilities, motor skills, sensory abilities, environment.

Role of Core Vocabulary in AAC

Core vocabulary consists of high-frequency words essential for language growth.

Description of PECS

A structured approach where users exchange pictures to communicate, often leading to verbal communication.

Ecological Validity Framework

Ensures interventions fit the cultural, linguistic, and contextual needs of a population.

Challenges for Latinx Caregivers in AAC

Language barriers, lack of culturally relevant materials, differences in communication expectations.

Contextual Fit

Degree to which an intervention aligns with family values and routines.

Culturally Relevant Adaptations for AAC

Translating materials, involving community members, incorporating culturally relevant vocabulary.

Language's Role in AAC Interventions

Interventions must be delivered in the home language to promote communication growth.

Personalismo

A cultural value emphasizing warm and respectful interactions, especially in Latinx communities.

Familismo

Strong commitment to family, with extended members involved in decision-making.

Respeto

Concept of respect requiring deference to elders and authority figures in Latinx culture.

Educación

Encompasses teaching of manners and social behaviors within family and community context.

Articulation Disorder Assessment Example

A child with difficulty producing /s/ and /z/ but normal language development is likely classified as an articulation disorder.

Assessing Language Delay vs. Bilingual Development

Assess the child's proficiency in Spanish and English to distinguish between delay and typical bilingual development.

AAC Intervention Recommendations for Latinx Families

Provide materials in Spanish, use culturally relevant vocab, and offer bilingual coaching sessions.

CII

CII: Caregiver-Implemented Interventions

CLD

CLD: Culturally and Linguistically Diverse

EVF

EVF: Ecological Validity Framework

CAC

CAC: Cultural Adaptation Checklist.