FADA 3 week quiz

3

Medieval Manuscripts (500s–1400s)

• Books were hand-copied by monks on parchment.

• Combined calligraphy, illustration, and ornamentation.

• Used illuminated initials and decorative borders.

• Knowledge was controlled by the Church and elite.

• Early examples of page layout and visual hierarchy

Transition to Printing (1400s)

• Demand for books increased during the Renaissance.

• Scribes couldn’t meet demand.

• Experiments with woodblock printing and engraving.

• Paved the way for a technological revolution.

Gutenberg’s Printing Press (1450)

• Johannes Gutenberg (Germany) invented the movable metal type and oil-based ink.

• Enabled mass production of printed materials.

• First major work: Gutenberg Bible (1455).

• Marked the birth of modern graphic design.

Before and After Print

• Before: Renaissance — beauty, proportion, clarity, elegant designs, Italic type.

• After: Enlightenment — reason, science, order, structure, grid systems, clarity over decoration

Industrial Revolution (1750)

• Production shifted from handmade crafts to machine-based manufacturing.

• Printing became fast and mechanical.

• Made books, posters, and newspapers cheaper and widespread.

• Innovations

industrial Revolution (1750) inovations 

Innovations:

• Steam-powered press (1814) – printed thousands of pages quickly.

• Lithography (1796) – detailed images and color posters.

• Mass paper production – cheaper printing.

• New typefaces – bold, decorative styles for advertising

Rise of Advertising and Posters

• Cities filled with signs and posters.

• Images and words used together to persuade.

• Advertising became a visual language.

• Poster became one of the first graphic design media.

Art Movements During the Industrial Revolution

Romanticism (late 18th–early 19th c.)

Realism (mid-19th c.)

Impressionism (late 19th c.)

Romanticism (late 18th–early 19th c.)

• Rejected logic of industry; focused on emotion and nature.

• Key artists: John Constable, J.M.W. Turner, Caspar David Friedrich.

• Example: Turner’s Rain, Steam and Speed: The Great Western Railway (1844) — symbolizes human power and technology over nature.

Realism (mid-19th c.)

• Reaction to Romanticism.

• Showed truth of social life, workers, and peasants.

• Key artists: Gustav Courbet, Jean-François Millet, Honoré Daumier.

• Example: Millet’s The Gleaners (1857) — dignity of rural labor and class division.

Impressionism (late 19th c.)

• Captured modern, industrial life.

• Focused on light, color, and movement.

• Key artists: Claude Monet, Camille Pissarro, Edgar Degas.

• Example: Monet’s The Gare Saint-Lazare (1877) — train station as symbol of modernity.

Architecture and Industrial Innovation

• New materials: iron, steel, glass.

• New building types: factories, stations, bridges.

• developments

Architecture and Industrial Innovation

key developments

Key developments:

• Iron Bridge (1779, England) – first all-cast-iron bridge.

• The Crystal Palace (1851, London) – prefabricated glass & iron structure by Joseph Paxton, symbol of modern architecture.

• Eiffel Tower (1889, Paris) – designed by Gustave Eiffel, world’s tallest structure at the time; symbol of industrial age.

Designer’s Role

• From craftsmen to design professionals.

• Designers made information clear, attractive, and modern.

• Birth of graphic design as a profession.

Social and Cultural Effects

• New middle class could read and buy printed media.

• Visual culture became part of everyday life.

• Art and design became accessible to everyone, but mass production made them less personal.

Reaction – Arts and Crafts Movement (late 1800s)

• William Morris (Britain) promoted beauty, simplicity, and craftsmanship.

• Reacted against machine-made goods.

• Inspired later movements: Art Nouveau and Modernism

When were Medieval Manuscripts created?
( Medieval Manuscripts )

Between the 500s and 1400s.

Who created Medieval Manuscripts?

What did they combine in their design?

Monks, by hand, on parchment

Calligraphy, illustration, and ornamentation.

What are illuminated initials?
( Medieval Manuscripts )

Large decorative letters marking paragraph beginnings

Who controlled knowledge during that Medieval Manuscripts era?

The Church and elite.

What increased during the Renaissance that led to printing?
( Transition to Printing )

Demand for books.

What early printing methods were tested?
What did these experiments lead to?
( Transition to Printing )

Woodblock printing and engraving.

The invention of the printing press

Who invented the printing press and when?
What key innovation did he introduce?

( Gutenberg’s Printing Press )

Johannes Gutenberg in 1450

Movable metal type and oil-based ink.

What was the first major printed work?
( Gutenberg’s Printing Press )

The Gutenberg Bible (1455).

Why is Gutenberg’s press important?
( Gutenberg’s Printing Press )

It marked the birth of modern graphic design.

What characterized Renaissance book design?
( Before vs. After Print )

Beauty, proportion, and elegance.

What changed posters during the Enlightenment?

( Before vs. After Print )

Simpler, structured design focused on clarity.

When did the Industrial Revolution begin?

( Industrial Revolution (1750) )

Around 1750 in Britain.

What was the main change in production?

( Industrial Revolution (1750) )

From handmade to machine-based manufacturing.

What year was lithography invented?

( Industrial Revolution (1750) )

 1796.

What year was the steam-powered printing press created?

What did these inventions lead to?

( Industrial Revolution (1750) )

1814

Faster, cheaper mass printing.

When did visual advertising emerge?

( Advertising and Posters )

During the Industrial Revolution.

What made posters effective?
( Advertising and Posters )

Combining images and words to persuade.

What was one of the first media of graphic design?
( Advertising and Posters )

The poster.

When did Romanticism emerge?

Late 18th to early 19th century.

What did Romantic artists value?

Emotion, imagination, and nature’s beauty.

Who were key Romantic artists?

 John Constable, J.M.W. Turner, Caspar David Friedrich.

What does Turner’s Rain, Steam and Speed represent?

The power of technology and nature’s clash.

When did Realism emerge?

Mid-19th century.

Who were key Realist artists?

Gustav Courbet, Jean-François Millet, Honoré Daumier.

What message does The Gleaners convey?

Dignity of rural labor and class differences.

When did Impressionism develop?

Late 19th century.

What subjects did Impressionists paint?

Modern cities, trains, factories.

Who were key Impressionist artists?

Claude Monet, Camille Pissarro, Edgar Degas.

What does Monet’s The Gare Saint-Lazare depict?

The energy and motion of modern industrial Paris.

What new materials transformed architecture?

Iron, steel, and glass.

When was the Iron Bridge built?

1779.

Who designed the Crystal Palace and when?

Joseph Paxton, in 1851.

Prefabricated glass-and-iron design — a symbol of modern architecture.

Who built the Eiffel Tower and when?

Gustave Eiffel, in 1889.

it symbolized Industrial progress and modernity

How did industrialization affect society?

Created a literate middle class and popularized printed visuals.

Who led the Arts and Crafts Movement?

William Morris (late 1800s, Britain).

he promote Beauty, simplicity, and craftsmanship.

What did the Industrial Revolution ultimately create for design?

The foundation of modern communication, advertising, and graphic design.