Human Anatomy Exam One Material

Tissues

What is the study of tissue called

histology

What are the types of tissues

epithelial

connective

nervous

muscular

What it the function of epithelial tisseus

protects, lubricates, secretes

In epithelial tissues cells are arranged in _____ layers

one more more

There is no _______ in epithelial tissues

vascularization

In epithelial tissues, cells are tightly joined and connected by

intercellular junctional complexes

What are the types of junctional complexes that join epithelial cells

tight junction

desmosome

gap junctions

hemidesosomes

Tight junction:

prevents leakage

Desmosome:

has strong proteins strands in between plaques

Gap Junctions:

has channel proteins

Hemidesmisome:

membrane that attaches cells to connective tissues

Where are tight junctions foung

intestines

Where are desmosomes found

skin

Where are gap junctions found

intercalated discs

cardiac muscles

What are the two types of surface specializations in epithelial celsl

microvilli

cilia

How do epithelial tissues get nutrients

from the blood in connective tissues via diffusion

What do intercellular junctions adhere

plasma membranes

Microvilli ______ in the plasma membrane

folds

There is ____ layer in microvilli

one

What does microvilli do to the surface absorption

increase the area

Where are microvilli mainly found

intestines

Microvilli fold in the walls of the intestine and …

fold within the epithelial cells themselves

Cilia can act to work like a

brush border

Cilia acts to

keep stuff off tissues

Where are cilia mainly found

respiratory tract

Cilia has cells to _______ to catch impurities

secrete mucous

What do cilia do in the female reproductive tract

move the gg towards the uterus

What are the types of epithelial tissues discussed in class

simple squamous

simple cuboidal

simple columnar

stratified squamous

pseudo stratified columnar

transitional

For simple squamous, what are the shape of the cells

rounded off on the end

Simple squamous are ____ and only found inside the body

very delicate

What is the purpose of a simple squamous tissue

absorption

Diffusion

What type of tissues lines the blood vessels

simple squamous

Endothelium:

lining vessel wall

Mesothelium:

lining body cavity

What specializes structure can simple squamous be found

alveoli

Simpel cuboidal are usually located in

ducts

What ducts are simple cuboidal tissues generally found

salivary ducts

kidney tubules

What are the functions of simple cuboidal cells

absorption

secretion

Simple columnar tissues are primary for

absorption and lubrication

What is a specialized cell found within simple columnar tissues

goblet cell

Goblet Cell:

unicellular gland, with the purpose of secreting mucous onto the surface of the cell

Where are simple columnar cells found

wall of digestive tract (small intestine)

What type of epithelial tissue would microvilli or cilia be found

simple columnar

In stratified squamous tissues, what is attached to the basement membrane

only the bottom layer

Stratified squamous tissues are mainly found in

skin

Stratified squamous tissues have ____ properties

antibacterial

Stratified squamous tissues aren’t waterproof, they are

water resistant

What layer of stratified squamous tissue is living

only the bottom layer

What happens to dead cells in the stratified squamous tissues

become keratinized

What does keratinization do

protects against abrasion, penetration

The bottom layer of stratified squamous tissues have ____ capability

mitotic

In pseudostratified columnar tissue the ____ are at different heights

nuclei

The pseudostratified columnar tissue is _____ but appears different under the microscope

one layer

pseudostratified columnar tissue are all lined with

cilia

What does pseudostratified columnar tissue line

respiratory tract

In transitional tissues, cells are

stratified

transitional tissues are ______ tissues - they can change shape

stretchable

What is the primary tissue that lines organs and holds “stuff”

transitional tissues

What are two examples of places that are made up of transitional tissues

ureter (connects kidney to bladder)

Urethra (changes shape based on content)

Glandular Epithelium:

some glands form a duct that is lined with epithelial tissues

What is the type of gland that is lined with epithelial tisseu

exocrine glands

What are the 3 mechanism of secretion release in glandular epithelium

Merocrine

Apocrine

Halocrine

The merocrine does secretion via

exocytosis

What are the types of merocrine

goblet cell

lacrimal gland

salivary gland

eccrine sweat glands

What happens to the cell in the apocrine gland

parts of the cell breaks off into the secretion

What are the types of apocrine glands

mammary

sudiferous sweat glands

Where does secretion come from in the halocrine gland

the death of the entire cell

What are the types of halocrine glands

sebaceous glands

Not all glands contain

ducts

What is the name of a ductless gland

endocrine gland

How does a ductless gland secrete

via the blood stream to the target organ

Where are simple straight glandular epithelium located

intestinal glands

Where is simple coiled glandular epithelium located

eccrine sweat glands

Where is simple branched glandular epithelium located

the gastric glands of the stomach

Where is compound branched glandular epithelium located

wall of kidney tubules or seminiferous tubules

Where is compounded alveolar glandular epithelium

ducts coming from the mammary gland

What is the most diverse, abundant, and variable of tissue types

Connective Tissues

What is the function of connective tissue

storage, transport, protection, support and binding

Connective Tissues arises from

mesenchyme

Connective Tissues have extracellular matrix with _____ and ______

glycoproteins

hyluronic acid

What type of fibers do connective tissue contain

collagenous

reticular

elastic

What are the two classifications of cells in connective tissue

fixed cells

wandering cells

What are the types of fixed cells

fibroblasts

adipose cells

reticular cells

melanocytes

What is the name of an adipose cell

adipocyte

What are the types of wandering cells

free macrophages

mast cells

plasma cells

What are free macrophages involved in

diapedesis

What do mast cells secrete

heparin and histamine

what are plasma cells involved in

antibodies

Connective Tissues can be broken down into 3 classifications, what are they

CT Proper, CT Fluidic, CT Supportive

What are the two types of CT Proper

Loose

Dense

What are the two types of Fluidic CT

Blood

Lymoh

What are the two types of Supportive CT

Cartilage

Bone

How are connective tissue arranged

loosely

CT cells are cased in a

matrix

what is the name of the matrix that the cells in connective tissue are cased in

ground substance

What are the types of matrix in CT

Solid

Liquid

Semi-Solid

What cell is involved in storage

adipose

what cells are involved in transport

blood

what cells are involved in protection

bone

what cells are involved in support and binding

tendons and ligaments