B1 Thermal Energy Transfers

Solid

• fixed shape

• fixed volume

• particles vibrate about fixed position

Liquid

• shape is not fixed (fluid)

• fixed volume at a particular temperature

• particles vibrate relative to each other with more freedom

Gas

• neither fixed shape nor volume

• low density

Temperature

• average KE per particle in a material

Internal Energy

• sum of KE and PE of the particles of a substance

Heat (Q)

• transfer of a quantity of thermal energy

Specific Heat Capcity

• Q=mcΔT

• Amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1kg of a substance by 1C/1K

Specific Latent Heat

• Q=mL

• Amount of energy needed to change 1kg of a substance from one state of matter to another (e.g solid to liquid)

Conduction

• Energy transfer through the material

Convection

• Energy transfer due to movements of particles within fluids due to variations in density

Radiation

• Energy transfer by means of EM radiation