Studied by 8 people
social location
personal aspects of someone’s life that affect your experiences, like race, gender, religion, hobbies, etc.
sociological imagination
term coined by C. Wright Mills, where society should be focused over the individual. and allows for the ability to shift between perspectives
sociology
involves looking at social patterns and variables
John Porter
examined the relationship between social class and ethnicity, and coined the term vertical mosaic to describe the hierarchical stratification of racial, ethnic, and religious groups due to systemic discrimination, specifically in Canada
Aileen Ross
first Canadian women to be hired as a sociologist. did major study on the Hindu family in and urban setting as well as homeless women in Montreal
social fact
social characteristics that cause you to act in sociologically predictable ways. it is separate from an individual and is a characteristic of a particular group that causes them to act in a certain way
symbolic interactionism
the meaning behind our daily social interaction
microsociology
focused on the plans, motivations, and actions of individuals and small groups
public sociology
the audience that is not part of the academic world
policy sociology
generating sociological data for governments and large corporations, ex. education, health, social welfare
critical sociology
“the conscience of professional sociology”, has similar audience but different purpose, to remind professionals of the goal for meaningful social change
professional sociology
audience is sociology departments, scholarly journals, professional associations, and conferences, and contains specific information
sociology by audience
the audience for whom the work is intended for and how critical the sociologist is (4 types)
postmodern theory
recognizing that there are many voices and should not be drowned out by the typically dominant voices
feminist theory
involves correcting centuries of discrimination and male-dominated conceptions of gender roles
latent dysfunctions
unintended, and sometimes unrecognized, and produce socially negative consequences
latent functions
unintended and unrecognized
manifest functions
intended and readily recognized
macrosociology
focused on the big picture of society and its institutions
conflict theory
based on the 4 c’s: conflict, class, contestation, and change
structural functionalism
focuses on how social systems operate and produce consequences and explaining social forms and their contributions to social cohesion
vertical mosaic
John Porter’s term for the hierarchical system in Canada, not a melting pot, but a specific order of what races or ethnicities were at the top compared to the bottom
sociology by approach
traditional way of representing different kinds of sociology
development of Canadian sociology
developed with a focus on the relationship between French and English, the development in the west, as well as connections between class and ethnicity
spread of sociology to North America
late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries sociology spread, because of conditions similar to Europe, such as mass immigration and poor working conditions
Max Weber
German sociologist known for his identification of a set of values embodied in early Protestantism, called the Protestant work ethic, which he believed contributed to the development of capitalism
sociology’s origins
most notable was Ibn Khaldun who performed the first systematic study of sociological subjects, studying various societies histories, cultures, and economies
case study approach (qualitative)
research design that takes its subjects as a single case or a few selected examples of a social entity and employs a variety of methods to study them, which leads to the identification of best practices which achieve desired results
institutionalized ethnography
based on the theories of Dorothy Smith; any organization can be seen as having two sides: ruling interests and ruling relations
ethnography (qualitative)
seeks to uncover the symbols and categories members of a given culture use to interpret their world. it is a direct observation and extended field research to produce a natural description of people and their culture.
quantitative research
social elements that can be counted or measured and therefore used to generate statistics, objective research
qualitative research
permits subjectivity on the part of both the researcher and the research subject. examination of characteristics that cannot be counted or measured
Dorothy Smith
created and advocated for standpoint theory, which takes in the individuals that are effected and their perspective, and stressed its uniqueness over the objective outsider perspective
research
search for knowledge, based on scientific investigation, has patterns and methods to be followed to be considered acceptable
research methods
a subsection of research methodology that has various schemes, procedures, and algorithms
research methodology
the system of doing research, but there is no consensus on the best way to do about it (more encompassing)
evaluation research
evaluate aspects of policies and programs, to see how they solved a certain social issue
explanatory research
explain relationships and connections between social phenomena, and how they are related to each other
exploratory research
gain a in-depth understanding of a generally unknown/little-known topic
descriptive research
provides a precise description/estimate of a social phenomena
narratives
the purest form of the insider view, which was kept in a minor role because of positivism, and is used in qualitative research
positivism
the theory that rational/justifiable knowledge is true only from reason or logic, makes intuition or theism meaningless
content analysis
the observation of cultural artifacts that are not created to be studied but can be used to interpret the themes they reflect
discourse analysis
a conceptual framework with its own internal logic and underlying assumptions that are generally recognizable; 2 types: 1. analyzing discourse as the term is commonly understood 2. considers a broader definition of text, going beyond individual works and authors to include larger fields
genealogy (within discourse analysis)
a method of examining the history of text beyond individual works/authors to include large fields of presentation of information, trace the origins and history of modern discourses
operational definitions
try to take abstract/theoretical concepts and transform them into concrete, observable, measurable entities
correlation
two variables are associated more frequently than could be expected by chance
spurious reasoning
occurs when someone sees correlation and falsely assumes causation
ethics and research
subjects in a research study are giving informed consent, and are involved in beneficence and non-malfeasance
Note
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