Chemical Reactions, Homeostasis, and Evolutionary Theories Review

Flashcards covering chemical reactions, indicators, environmental reactions, homeostasis, feedback mechanisms, evolutionary theories, photosynthesis, and cellular respiration.

What are the five indicators of chemical reactions listed in the lecture notes?

Color change, temperature change, gas production, precipitate formation, and odor change.

What are the five types of chemical reactions mentioned in the transcript?

Synthesis (Combination), Decomposition, Single Replacement, Double Replacement, and Combustion.

What alternative name is given for a Synthesis reaction?

Combination

What specific pH indicators are named in the lecture notes?

Litmus and phenolphthalein

What two main categories of indicators are specified?

pH indicators (litmus, phenolphthalein) and oxidation-reduction indicators.

Which chemical reactions in the environment are listed in the notes?

Photosynthesis, respiration, and decomposition.

How is Homeostasis defined in the transcript?

Maintaining Balance in the Human Body.

Which three mechanisms for regulation in the human body are mentioned under Homeostasis?

Regulating temperature, pH, and glucose levels.

What example is provided for negative feedback?

Temperature regulation

What example is provided for positive feedback?

Childbirth

What four concepts are listed under Darwin & Natural Selection?

Variation, overproduction, survival of the fittest, and inheritance of advantageous traits.

What is the definition of Photosynthesis given in the notes?

Process where plants convert light energy into chemical energy.

What is the balanced chemical equation provided for Photosynthesis?

$$6CO_2 + 6H_2O \rightarrow C_6H_{12}O_6 + 6O_2$$

What are the chemical reactants in the equation for Photosynthesis?

$6CO_2$ and $6H_2O$

What are the chemical products of Photosynthesis according to the equation?

$C_6H_{12}O_6$ and $6O_2$

How is Cellular Respiration defined in the lecture text?

Process by which cells convert glucose into ATP.

What is the full chemical equation given for Cellular Respiration?

$$C_6H_{12}O_6 + 6O_2 \rightarrow 6CO_2 + 6H_2O + \text{ATP}$$

What are the reactants needed for Cellular Respiration?

$C_6H_{12}O_6$ and $6O_2$

What are the three outputs/products generated during Cellular Respiration?

$6CO_2$, $6H_2O$, and $\text{ATP}$

What is the relationship between Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration?

Photosynthesis produces glucose and oxygen used in cellular respiration, illustrating energy flow in ecosystems.

What fundamental process in ecosystems is illustrated by the relationship between Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration?

Energy flow in ecosystems

What is the first step or component in the biological control pathway presented in Source 3?

STIMULUS

What component directly follows STIMULUS in the control pathway diagram?

RECEPTOR

What component comes after RECEPTOR in the control pathway diagram?

CONTROL CENTER

What component comes after CONTROL CENTER in the pathway diagram?

EFFECTOR

What is the final component produced in the pathway diagram after EFFECTOR?

RESPONSE

What evolutionary term is explicitly listed directly following RESPONSE in Source 3?

ADAPTATION

Which two scientists' theories are referenced together in Source 3?

LAMARCK AND DARWINS THEORY

What specific type of reaction is listed at the end of Source 3?

ACID REAction

Into what specific form of energy molecule do cells convert glucose during Cellular Respiration?

ATP