Core skills: strucures for life

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6 Terms

1
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Pyramidines

include cytosine, thymine (DNA only), and uracil (RNA only). they have a single ring structure and pair with purines (adenine and guanine) in DNA and RNA to form the building blocks of genetic information.

2
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What are anomers?

isomers of a sugar molecule that differ in the configuration at the hemiacetal or hemiketal carbon. They are formed when a cyclic sugar opens up and re-closes with a different orientation.

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Purines

include adenine (A) and guanine (G). They form hydrogen bonds with their complementary pyrimidines (thymine, cytosine, and uracil) during DNA replication and transcription.

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What is a nucleoside composed of?

a base + ribose sugar

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What is a nucleotide composed of?

a base + ribose sugar + a phosphate

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How are carbon atoms numbered in fatty acids?

  • Carboxyl carbon = 1

  • Carbon 2 = α-carbon

  • Carbon 3 = β-carbon

  • Carbon 4 = γ-carbon

  • Methyl terminal = ω