Section 6: Cell Structure & Function
Call Kai
Learn
Practice Test
Spaced Repetition
Match
Flashcards
Knowt Play1/367
There's no tags or description
Looks like no tags are added yet.
Name | Mastery | Learn | Test | Matching | Spaced | Call with Kai |
|---|
No analytics yet
Send a link to your students to track their progress
368 Terms
SECTION 6 — CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTION (IMAT MASTER DECK)
=========================
CELL THEORY
===========
What are the three principles of the Cell Theory?
All living organisms are made of cells; the cell is the basic unit of life; all cells arise from pre-existing cells.
Who first observed cells in cork?
Robert Hooke.
Who first observed living cells?
Antonie van Leeuwenhoek.
Why is the cell considered the basic unit of life?
It is the smallest structure capable of performing all life processes.
=========================
PROKARYOTES vs EUKARYOTES
=========================
What are the two major cell types?
Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
Which evolved first?
Prokaryotes.
Which are generally larger?
Eukaryotic cells.
Do prokaryotes have a nucleus?
No.
Where is DNA located in prokaryotes?
The nucleoid region.
Do prokaryotes possess membrane-bound organelles?
No.
Do eukaryotes possess membrane-bound organelles?
Yes.
Which organisms are prokaryotic?
Bacteria and Archaea.
Which organisms are eukaryotic?
Protists, fungi, plants, and animals.
Do prokaryotes contain ribosomes?
Yes.
Which ribosomes are found in prokaryotes?
70S ribosomes.
Which ribosomes are found in the eukaryotic cytoplasm?
80S ribosomes.
Why can some antibiotics target bacteria without harming human cells?
They target bacterial 70S ribosomes.
=========================
CELL SIZE
=========
Why are cells small?
To maintain a high surface area-to-volume ratio.
What happens as cell size increases?
Volume increases faster than surface area.
Why is a high surface area-to-volume ratio beneficial?
It improves nutrient uptake and waste removal.
=========================
PLASMA MEMBRANE
===============
What is the plasma membrane primarily composed of?
Phospholipids and proteins.
What model describes membrane structure?
The Fluid Mosaic Model.
Who proposed the Fluid Mosaic Model?
Singer and Nicolson.
Why is the membrane described as "fluid"?
Phospholipids and many proteins move laterally.
Why is the membrane described as a "mosaic"?
It contains many different proteins embedded within the lipid bilayer.
Which molecules form the bilayer?
Phospholipids.
Which part of a phospholipid is hydrophilic?
The phosphate head.
Which part is hydrophobic?
The fatty acid tails.
Why do phospholipids spontaneously form bilayers?
The hydrophobic effect.
Which molecules move most freely within the membrane?
Phospholipids.
Which membrane component regulates fluidity?
Cholesterol.
What happens to membrane fluidity at low temperatures?
Cholesterol prevents excessive solidification.
What happens to membrane fluidity at high temperatures?
Cholesterol limits excessive fluidity.
=========================
MEMBRANE PROTEINS
=================
What are the major functions of membrane proteins?
Transport, receptors, enzymes, adhesion, recognition, and anchoring.
What are integral membrane proteins?
Proteins embedded within the membrane.
What are peripheral membrane proteins?
Proteins loosely attached to the membrane surface.
What do receptor proteins do?
Bind signaling molecules.
What do transport proteins do?
Move substances across membranes.
What do glycoproteins do?
Cell recognition and communication.