Managing Human Population Dynamics and Strategies

Population Size

Number of individuals in a specific area.

Density

People per unit area (km² or mi²).

Distribution

Uneven spread of people globally.

Growth Rate

(Births + Immigration) - (Deaths + Emigration).

Natural Change

Net change from births and deaths.

Birth Rate

Births per 1000 individuals per year.

Death Rate

Deaths per 1000 individuals per year.

Child Mortality Rate

Deaths under 5 per 1000 live births.

Immigration

Movement of people into a country.

Emigration

Movement of people out of a country.

Age Structure Diagram

Visual representation of population age distribution.

Pre-Reproductive Age

Individuals aged 0-14 years.

Reproductive Age

Individuals aged 15-44 years.

Post-Reproductive Age

Individuals aged 45 years and older.

Dependency Ratio

Ratio of working to non-working population.

Dependents

Non-working individuals relying on the economically active.

High Dependency Ratio

Exceeds 62%, burdens working population.

Low Dependency Ratio

Sufficient working population to support dependents.

Demographic Transition Stage 1

High birth and death rates.

Demographic Transition Stage 2

Falling death rates, high birth rates.

Demographic Transition Stage 3

Narrowing gap as birth rates decline.

Demographic Transition Stage 4

Stable population with low birth rates.

Demographic Transition Stage 5

Declining population with aging demographic.

Impacts of Aging Populations

Higher healthcare costs and lower tax revenues.

Pro-Natalist Policies

Encourage higher birth rates and population growth.

Anti-Natalist Policies

Reduce birth rates and limit population growth.

United Nations Agenda 21

Framework for sustainable population management.

The Club of Rome

Catalyst for discussions on population and resources.

Infant Mortality Rate (IMR)

Deaths under 1 year per 1000 live births.

Total Fertility Rate (TFR)

Average number of children born to a woman.

Family Planning

Strategies to control the number of children.

Economic Disincentive

Financial penalties to discourage large families.